Etymologically
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imparatus

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Pronunciation

  • Classical: [ɪm.paˈraː.tʊs][1]
  • Ecclesiastical: [im.paˈraː.tus][1]

Forms

imparātus (feminine imparāta, neuter imparātum); first/second-declension adjective[1] It is also spelled inparātus.[2][3]

Etymology

It is from Latin in- (“not”) + parātus (“prepared”).[2][1][4] parātus is the participle of parō (“to prepare”), which de Vaan, among whose derivatives imparātus appears, explains as a denominal verb from a noun Proto-Indo-European *prh₃-o- (“providing”), comparing Ancient Greek ἔπορον (époron, “provided, gave”).[5]

Earliest recorded meaning

The TLL records it from Plautus on; in the Captivi a man is accused of making a fully prepared affair entirely unprepared.[4][2]

Semantic evolution

It describes enterprises and equipment that are not ready, and people who are unprepared or unprovided: in Terence a man says he would have been lost if he had been attacked unprepared, and another does not want to be caught unready when Phormio arrives.[2][3] Lewis & Short call it classical.[3] The glossaries render it Ancient Greek ἀνέτοιμος (anétoimos, “unready”).[4] Church Latin glosses it unprepared.[6]

Timeline

  • c. 250–184 BC – Plautus of an affair made unready.[2][4][7]
  • 190–159 BC – Terence of being caught unprepared.[2][3][7]

Meanings

Adjective

  1. Of things, not prepared, unready.[2][1]
  2. Of people, unprepared, unprovided.[2][3][6][1]

Word family

  • imparatio

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
  3. ^ a b c d e Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  4. ^ a b c d Thesaurus linguae Latinae (1900–), Leipzig: Teubner; Berlin: De Gruyter; open-access ed., Munich: Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften
  5. ^ de Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 7, Leiden; Boston: Brill
  6. ^ a b Stelten, Leo F. (1995), Dictionary of Ecclesiastical Latin, Peabody, Mass.: Hendrickson
  7. ^ a b Köbler, Gerhard (2010), Lateinisches Abkunfts- und Wirkungswörterbuch für Altertum und Mittelalter, online ed., koeblergerhard.de