Etymologically
Log in

illido

This is the current revision of this entry, as edited by bogdan on 19 October 2026 at 19:09. This address is a permanent link to this version.
Changes in this edit History

Pronunciation

  • Classical: [ɪlˈliː.doː][1]
  • Ecclesiastical: [ilˈliː.do][1]

Forms

illīdō (present infinitive illīdere, perfect active illīsī, supine illīsum); third conjugation[1] It is also spelled inlīdō.[2][3]

Etymology

It is from Latin in- (“against”) + laedō (“to strike, hurt”), with the vowel weakened in the compound.[2][3][4][1] De Vaan finds no certain cognates for laedō.[5]

Earliest recorded meaning

Its earliest examples are in Lucretius, of lovers who drive their teeth into the lips, and in Varro, of young birds left in the nest with crushed legs.[2]

Semantic evolution

It means to strike or dash against something, as Virgil's prow that hung dashed on the rocks, and his boxer who drove his gloves into the bones and shattered the brain.[2][3] Lewis & Short note that it is mostly poetic and not found in Cicero's prose, and compare incutiō, impingō and īnflīgō.[3] Varro uses it of crushing and injuring, and Celsus of breath obstructed in the throat during fever.[2] Church Latin glosses it to strike, knock, dash against.[6]

Timeline

  • 96–55 BC – Lucretius of teeth driven into lips.[2][7]
  • 116–27 BC – Varro of crushed legs.[2][7]
  • 70–19 BC – Virgil of a prow dashed on rocks.[2][7]
  • 14–37 AD – Celsus of obstructed breath.[2][7]

Meanings

Verb

  1. To injure by crushing.[2]
  2. To dash, strike or beat against; to drive the teeth into.[2][3][1]
  3. (medicine) To obstruct the breath.[2]

Word family

  • illīsiō
  • illīsus

References

  1. ^ a b c d e Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
  3. ^ a b c d e Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  4. ^ Thesaurus linguae Latinae (1900–), Leipzig: Teubner; Berlin: De Gruyter; open-access ed., Munich: Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften
  5. ^ de Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 7, Leiden; Boston: Brill
  6. ^ Stelten, Leo F. (1995), Dictionary of Ecclesiastical Latin, Peabody, Mass.: Hendrickson
  7. ^ a b c d Köbler, Gerhard (2010), Lateinisches Abkunfts- und Wirkungswörterbuch für Altertum und Mittelalter, online ed., koeblergerhard.de