hiemo
Pronunciation
Forms
hiemō (present infinitive hiemāre, perfect active hiemāvī, supine hiemātum); first conjugation[1]
Etymology
It is a denominative verb from Latin hiems (“winter”).[2][3][1] The noun hiems goes back to Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰéyōm (“winter”).[4][1] Cognate with Sanskrit हिम (himá-, “cold, frost”), Hittite gimm- (“winter”) and Old Irish gaim (“winter”).[4]
Earliest recorded meaning
Its first example in the OLD is Cicero's letter to Atticus: “I hope you are wintering pleasantly there”.[2]
Semantic evolution
It means to pass the winter, and especially of troops to be in winter quarters;[2][5] Cicero also uses it of pirates who wintered in a place every year.[2][5] Of the weather and the sea it is to be wintry or stormy, as Horace's black stormy sea.[2] Pliny the Elder uses it transitively of a lake made wintry by the autumn star.[2]
Timeline
- 81–43 BC – Cicero of wintering and of pirates' winter quarters.[2][5][6]
- 65–8 BC – Horace of a stormy sea.[2][6]
- 23/24–79 AD – Pliny the Elder of a lake made wintry.[2][6]
Meanings
Verb
- To pass the winter; of troops, to be in winter quarters.[2][5][1]
- To be wintry or stormy.[2][1]
- To make wintry; to freeze.[2][1]
Word family
- hiemātiō
- perhiemō
Related words
- hiems
- hībernō
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
- ^ Thesaurus linguae Latinae (1900–), Leipzig: Teubner; Berlin: De Gruyter; open-access ed., Munich: Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften
- ^ a b de Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 7, Leiden; Boston: Brill
- ^ a b c d Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- ^ a b c Köbler, Gerhard (2010), Lateinisches Abkunfts- und Wirkungswörterbuch für Altertum und Mittelalter, online ed., koeblergerhard.de