Etymologically
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gloria

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Pronunciation

  • IPA (Classical): [ˈɡɫoː.ri.a][1]
  • IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈɡlɔː.ri.a][1]

Forms

glōria f (genitive glōriae); first declension[1]

Etymology

The origin is uncertain.[2][3][1] De Vaan discusses the derivation from Proto-Italic *gnōria (“knowledge, fame”), related to gnārus “knowing” and ignōrō “not to know”, which some scholars accept and others reject; the change of *gn- to ⟨gl⟩ would be a dissimilation.[4][1] Lewis and Short compared Ancient Greek κλέος (kléos, “fame”).[5]

Earliest recorded meaning

De Vaan dates it from Plautus, and Köbler from Ennius.[4][6] An epitaph of the Scipios says the deceased surpassed the glory of his ancestors.[2] Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.[6]

Semantic evolution

It meant the glory or honour given by general consent, fame or renown, as in fortitūdinis glōria “a reputation for courage”, and also the hope of glory.[2][7] It could be a deed that brings glory, and also pride, vanity or boasting.[2]

Döderlein contrasts glōria, fame as something spoken of, with clāritās, fame as something seen.[8] In Christian Latin it was the glory of God, eternal bliss, and a title of honour, vestra glōria.[9] The doxology Glōria Patrī and the hymn Glōria in excelsīs are named from it.[6] English glory came from Old French about 1200, first of the splendour of God.[10]

Timeline

  • c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it.[4][6]
  • 204–169 BC – Ennius uses it.[6]
  • 81–43 BC – Cicero speaks of a reputation for courage.[7][6]
  • c. 1200 – English glory is recorded.[10]

Meanings

Noun

  1. glory, fame, renown.[2]
  2. The hope of glory, ambition.[2]
  3. A glorious deed.[2]
  4. Pride, vanity, boasting.[2]
  5. (Ecclesiastical Latin) The glory of God; eternal bliss.[9]
  6. (Medieval Latin) A title of honour.[9]

Word family

  • glōriābundus
  • glōrificō
  • glorificus
  • glōriola
  • glōrior
  • glōriōsus

References

  1. ^ a b c d e Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
  3. ^ Thesaurus linguae Latinae (1900–), Leipzig: Teubner; Berlin: De Gruyter; open-access ed., Munich: Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften
  4. ^ a b c de Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 7, Leiden; Boston: Brill
  5. ^ Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  6. ^ a b c d e f Köbler, Gerhard (2010), Lateinisches Abkunfts- und Wirkungswörterbuch für Altertum und Mittelalter, online ed., koeblergerhard.de
  7. ^ a b Gaffiot, Félix (2016), Dictionnaire latin-français, new ed. by Gérard Gréco et al. (Gaffiot 2016), online ed.
  8. ^ Döderlein, Ludwig (1874), Döderlein’s Hand-book of Latin Synonymes, tr. H. H. Arnold, Andover: W. F. Draper
  9. ^ a b c Niermeyer, J. F. (1976), Mediae Latinitatis Lexicon Minus, Leiden: Brill
  10. ^ a b Harper, Douglas. Online Etymology Dictionary, https://www.etymonline.com