Etymologically
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fluvius

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Pronunciation

  • Classical: [ˈfɫʊ.wi.ʊs][1]
  • Ecclesiastical: [ˈfluː.vi.us], /flui̯.i̯-/[1]

Forms

fluvius m (genitive fluviī or fluvī); second declension[1] Inscriptions have flouius and fluius.[2][3] Sisenna has a feminine fluvia.[3]

Etymology

It is formed from fluō (“to flow”) with the suffix -ius.[2][1] De Vaan traces ⟨fluō⟩ to Proto-Italic *flowe/o- and Proto-Indo-European *bʰlewH- (“to flow over”), cognate with Ancient Greek φλύω (phlúō, “to boil over”) and Lithuanian bliáuti (“to bleat”).[4]

Earliest recorded meaning

Köbler gives Naevius as its first author.[5]

Semantic evolution

It is a river or stream, its current, as Lucretius' north winds blowing against the Nile, and its water, as the fresh streams Virgil's goats are given.[2] Personified it is a river god, as Virgil's “I call on springs and rivers”, and by transfer a stream of blood or sweat (Lucan).[2]

Church Latin glosses it “river, stream”.[6]

Timeline

  • c. 235–200 BC – Naevius.[5]
  • 96–55 BC – Lucretius of the current of the Nile.[2][5]
  • 70–19 BC – Virgil of river water and of river gods.[2][5]
  • 39–65 AD – Lucan of streams of blood.[2][5]

Meanings

Noun

  1. A river, stream; its current.[2][1][3]
  2. (singular or plural) Water from a stream.[2]
  3. (personified) A river god.[2]
  4. (figurative) A stream (of blood, sweat).[2][1]

Word family

  • fluviālis
  • fluviātus

Usage notes

Döderlein distinguishes fluvius and flūmen, an ordinary stream as opposed to a pond or lake, from amnis, a great and mighty river as opposed to the sea.[7]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
  3. ^ a b c Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  4. ^ de Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 7, Leiden; Boston: Brill
  5. ^ a b c d e Köbler, Gerhard (2010), Lateinisches Abkunfts- und Wirkungswörterbuch für Altertum und Mittelalter, online ed., koeblergerhard.de
  6. ^ Stelten, Leo F. (1995), Dictionary of Ecclesiastical Latin, Peabody, Mass.: Hendrickson
  7. ^ Döderlein, Ludwig (1874), Döderlein’s Hand-book of Latin Synonymes, tr. H. H. Arnold, Andover: W. F. Draper