Etymologically
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extrudo

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Pronunciation

  • Classical: [ɛkˈstruː.doː][1]
  • Ecclesiastical: [ekˈstruː.do][1]

Forms

extrūdō (present infinitive extrūdere, perfect active extrūsī, supine extrūsum); third conjugation[1]

Etymology

It is from Latin ex- + trūdō (“to push, thrust”).[2][1][3] De Vaan traces trūdō to Proto-Italic *treude/o- and Proto-Indo-European *treud- (“to push, thrust”), and compares Lithuanian triū̃sas (“work, effort, pains”).[4]

Earliest recorded meaning

Plautus has a character ask why they have been pushed out of the house.[2][5]

Semantic evolution

It is to force out, eject, expel, as people out of a house or enemies out of their hiding places.[2][5] It is also to push back, as the sea which Caesar describes held back by dams level with the town walls.[2] Grattius has a kid pushing horns out from its forehead.[2] Church Latin glosses it to throw or thrust out.[6] English extrude dates from the 1560s.[7]

Timeline

  • c. 250–184 BC – Plautus, pushed out of the house.[2][5]
  • 190–159 BC – Terence.[5]
  • c. 50 BC – Caesar of the sea held back by dams.[2][8]
  • 1560s – English extrude.[7]

Meanings

Verb

  1. To thrust out, expel, drive out; to make protrude.[2][5][1][6]
  2. To push back, hold back.[2]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
  3. ^ Thesaurus linguae Latinae (1900–), Leipzig: Teubner; Berlin: De Gruyter; open-access ed., Munich: Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften
  4. ^ de Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 7, Leiden; Boston: Brill
  5. ^ a b c d e Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  6. ^ a b Stelten, Leo F. (1995), Dictionary of Ecclesiastical Latin, Peabody, Mass.: Hendrickson
  7. ^ a b Harper, Douglas. Online Etymology Dictionary, https://www.etymonline.com
  8. ^ Köbler, Gerhard (2010), Lateinisches Abkunfts- und Wirkungswörterbuch für Altertum und Mittelalter, online ed., koeblergerhard.de