extraneo

Forms

extrāneō (present infinitive extrāneāre, perfect active extrāneāvī, supine extrāneātum); first conjugation^[1][2] Medieval texts also have ⟨extranio⟩.^[1]

Etymology

It is from Latin extrāneus (“external, foreign; a stranger”).^[3][2][1]

Earliest recorded meaning

Lewis & Short and Georges cite it from Apuleius for disowning a daughter, but there it is an editor's conjecture that the TLL thinks hardly right.^[4][2][3] Its first certain author is Cassiodorus, in his notes on the Epistles: the Holy Spirit dwells in us when the power of the devil makes itself a stranger to us, and Peter teaches Christians to abstain from fleshly desires so as to estrange them from love of the world.^[3][5]

Semantic evolution

Medieval writers used it for “to estrange, alienate”: Sigebert of Gembloux records that in 1086 tame birds left the houses and grew wild,^[1] and a document of 1208 forbids alienating a purchase from the church.^[1] A papal letter uses the participle of heretics shut out from communion.^[1] Niermeyer glosses it “to alienate”,^[6] and later logicians in Poland used the passive for being external to a thing's essence.^[7] The TLL lists Romance descendants, among them Italian stranare, Old Occitan estranhar and Portuguese estranhar.^[3]

Timeline

• c. 485–c. 580 AD – Cassiodorus uses it of estranging oneself or others.^[3][8]
• 1086 – Sigebert of Gembloux uses it of tame birds growing wild.^[1]
• 1208 – A document forbids alienating a purchase.^[1]

Meanings

Verb

1. (Late Latin) To make strange, estrange;^[3][5] (reflexive) to withdraw oneself.^[3][5]
2. (Medieval Latin) To alienate (property).^[1][6]
3. (Medieval Latin) To exclude, shut out (from communion).^[1]
4. (Medieval Latin, philosophy, passive) To be external to a thing's essence.^[7]

References

1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Mittellateinisches Wörterbuch bis zum ausgehenden 13. Jahrhundert (1967–), Munich: C. H. Beck; Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften
2. ^ a b c Georges, Karl Ernst (1913–1918), Ausführliches lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch, 8th ed., ed. Heinrich Georges, Hannover; Leipzig: Hahn
3. ^ a b c d e f g Thesaurus linguae Latinae (1900–), Leipzig: Teubner; Berlin: De Gruyter; open-access ed., Munich: Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften
4. ^ Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
5. ^ a b c Conte, Gian Biagio; Pianezzola, Emilio; Ranucci, Giuliano (2010), il Latino: Vocabolario della lingua latina, 3rd ed., Florence: Le Monnier
6. ^ a b Niermeyer, J. F. (1976), Mediae Latinitatis Lexicon Minus, Leiden: Brill
7. ^ a b Lexicon mediae et infimae Latinitatis Polonorum (1953–), Kraków: Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN; electronic ed. elexicon.scriptores.pl
8. ^ Köbler, Gerhard (2010), Lateinisches Abkunfts- und Wirkungswörterbuch für Altertum und Mittelalter, online ed., koeblergerhard.de