Etymologically
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exsatio

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Pronunciation

  • Classical: [ɛksˈsa.ti.oː][1]
  • Ecclesiastical: [eksˈsat.t͡si.o][1]

Forms

exsatiō (present infinitive exsatiāre, perfect active exsatiāvī, supine exsatiātum); first conjugation[1] It is also spelled exatiō.[2][3]

Etymology

It is from Latin ex- + satiō1 (“to satisfy”).[2][3][1] De Vaan lists ⟨satiāre⟩, attested from Lucretius, among the derivatives of satis (“enough”), which goes back to Proto-Indo-European *sh₂-ti- (“satisfaction, satiation”).[4]

Earliest recorded meaning

The TLL records it from Ovid and Livy on;[3] Lewis & Short note that it is not found before the Augustan period.[5] Livy uses it of men who would not take up arms until they were sated with food and wine.[2][5]

Semantic evolution

Its main use is figurative, of satisfying a person's passions or glutting the passions themselves:[2] Livy writes that the people were not satisfied even by the death of Publius Scipio, and Ovid of a house glutted with disaster.[2][5] Poets extend it to weapons sated with blood: Silius Italicus to swords and Statius to missiles.[5][2] Tacitus uses it of people who, once they began asking for money, would never be satisfied.[2]

Timeline

  • 59 BC–17 AD – Livy uses it of soldiers sated with food and wine.[2][6]
  • 43 BC–18 AD – Ovid uses it of a house glutted with disaster.[5][6]
  • 25–101 AD – Silius Italicus uses it of swords sated with blood.[5][6]
  • 98–115 AD – Tacitus uses it of people never satisfied.[2][6]

Meanings

Verb

  1. To satiate, fill (with food and drink).[2][5]
  2. To satisfy (a person or a passion) fully, glut.[2][5]

References

  1. ^ a b c d Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
  3. ^ a b c Thesaurus linguae Latinae (1900–), Leipzig: Teubner; Berlin: De Gruyter; open-access ed., Munich: Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften
  4. ^ de Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 7, Leiden; Boston: Brill
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  6. ^ a b c d Köbler, Gerhard (2010), Lateinisches Abkunfts- und Wirkungswörterbuch für Altertum und Mittelalter, online ed., koeblergerhard.de