Etymologically
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effugium

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Pronunciation

  • Classical: [ɛfˈfʊ.ɡi.ũː][1]
  • Ecclesiastical: [efˈfuː.d͡ʒi.um][1]

Forms

effugium n (genitive effugiī or effugī); second declension[1]

Etymology

It is from Latin effugiō (“to escape”) + -ium.[2][3][1] The verb is ex- with fugiō (“to flee”), which de Vaan traces to Proto-Italic *fug-i- and Proto-Indo-European *bʰug-i- (“to flee”).[4] Servius compares the pair fuga (“flight”) and ⟨effugium⟩ with lāna (“wool”) and lānitium (“wool-growth”).[3]

Earliest recorded meaning

Lewis & Short's first examples are in Lucretius, of a way of escape always open and of shutting off the escape of one who goes.[5] Köbler dates it from Cicero.[6]

Semantic evolution

Lewis & Short call it rare but classical, and compare perfugium and refugium.[5] It is a means or way of escape, as Livy's giving someone a way out, and the act of escaping, as Lucretius' men saved by flight and Virgil's speaker, whose people will demand punishment for his escape.[2][5] A glossary defines it as a place that receives a fugitive.[3]

Timeline

  • 96–55 BC – Lucretius of a means of escape.[5][6]
  • 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it.[6]
  • 70–19 BC – Virgil of an escape avenged.[2][6]
  • 59 BC–17 AD – Livy of giving a way out.[5][6]

Meanings

Noun

  1. A means or way of escape.[2][5][1]
  2. The act of escaping, flight.[2][5][1]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b c d e Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
  3. ^ a b c Thesaurus linguae Latinae (1900–), Leipzig: Teubner; Berlin: De Gruyter; open-access ed., Munich: Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften
  4. ^ de Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 7, Leiden; Boston: Brill
  5. ^ a b c d e f g Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  6. ^ a b c d e Köbler, Gerhard (2010), Lateinisches Abkunfts- und Wirkungswörterbuch für Altertum und Mittelalter, online ed., koeblergerhard.de