deploro

Pronunciation

• IPA (Classical): [deːˈpɫoː.roː]^[1]
• IPA (Ecclesiastical): [deˈplɔː.ro]^[1]

Forms

dēplōrō (present infinitive dēplōrāre, perfect active dēplōrāvī, supine dēplōrātum); first conjugation^[1]

Etymology

It is from dē- and plōrō “to wail”.^[2][1][3]

Earliest recorded meaning

The OLD's earliest citations are from Cicero, of lamenting.^[2] Köbler dates Cicero 81–43 BC.^[4]

Semantic evolution

It meant to lament, complain of, deplore, and to mourn a dead person, as in Cicero, and in Livy to despair of, give up for lost.^[2]

In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant to deplore, grieve over.^[5] It survives in Italian deplorare and French déplorer, and through French it gave English deplore in the 1550s, first meaning “to give up as hopeless”.^[1][3]

Timeline

• 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of lamenting.^[2][4]
• 59 BC–17 AD – Livy uses it of despairing.^[2][4]
• 1550s – English deplore is recorded.^[3]

Meanings

Verb

1. To lament, deplore; to mourn.^[2]
2. To despair of.^[2]

Word family

• dēplōrābundus
• dēplōrātiō
• indēplōrātus

Related words

• plōrō
• English deplore

References

1. ^ a b c d e Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f g Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
3. ^ a b c Harper, Douglas. Online Etymology Dictionary, https://www.etymonline.com
4. ^ a b c Köbler, Gerhard (2010), Lateinisches Abkunfts- und Wirkungswörterbuch für Altertum und Mittelalter, online ed., koeblergerhard.de
5. ^ Stelten, Leo F. (1995), Dictionary of Ecclesiastical Latin, Peabody, Mass.: Hendrickson