Etymologically
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concieo

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Pronunciation

  • Classical: [kɔŋˈki.e.oː][1]
  • Ecclesiastical: [kon̠ʲˈt͡ʃiː.e.o][1]

Forms

concieō (present infinitive conciēre, perfect active concīvī, supine concitum); second conjugation[1] A fourth-conjugation present conciō, -īre is far more common, with concītus beside concitus.[2][3][4]

Etymology

It is from Latin con- + cieō (“to set in motion, summon”).[2][1][4] De Vaan derives ⟨cieō⟩ from Proto-Indo-European *(ḱ)ei(h₂)- (“to start to move”), cognate with Ancient Greek κίνυμαι (kínumai, “to be moved”); in Classical Latin the simple verb was replaced by its frequentative citō.[5]

Earliest recorded meaning

De Vaan dates ⟨cieō⟩ from Plautus,[5] who has the south wind that will stir up every wave, and someone who has “raised an enemy at home: his wife is very fierce”.[2]

Semantic evolution

It is to stir up or set violently in motion, and to muster: Lucretius' Jupiter stirs up darkness and roaring, and Livy and Tacitus use it of raising troops.[2] It is also to stir up trouble, quarrels and war, as in Plautus and Afranius, and to arouse an emotion: Terence's single word that roused anger between two women.[2] Of people it is to rouse to action or anger, incite.[2]

Timeline

  • c. 250–184 BC – Plautus of the wind and of quarrels.[2][6]
  • 190–159 BC – Terence of rousing anger.[2][6]
  • 96–55 BC – Lucretius of Jupiter stirring up storms.[2][6]
  • 59 BC–AD 17 – Livy of raising troops.[2][6]

Meanings

Verb

  1. To stir up, set in violent motion, shake.[2][3][1]
  2. To rouse, muster, assemble an army.[2][1]
  3. To stir up trouble or war; to arouse an emotion; to produce.[2][1]
  4. To rouse to action or anger, incite, excite.[2][1]

Word family

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
  3. ^ a b Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  4. ^ a b Thesaurus linguae Latinae (1900–), Leipzig: Teubner; Berlin: De Gruyter; open-access ed., Munich: Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften
  5. ^ a b de Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 7, Leiden; Boston: Brill
  6. ^ a b c d Köbler, Gerhard (2010), Lateinisches Abkunfts- und Wirkungswörterbuch für Altertum und Mittelalter, online ed., koeblergerhard.de