circumsono

Pronunciation

• IPA (Classical): [kɪrˈkũː.sɔ.noː]^[1]
• IPA (Ecclesiastical): [t͡ʃirˈkum.so.no]^[1]

Forms

circumsonō (present infinitive circumsonāre, perfect active circumsonuī, supine circumsonātum); first conjugation^[1]

Etymology

It is from Latin circum- (“around”) + sonō (“to sound”).^[2][1] De Vaan traces ⟨sonō⟩ to Proto-Italic *swena-, from Proto-Indo-European *swenH- (“to sound”).^[3]

Earliest recorded meaning

The OLD's earliest citation is from Accius, of a place resounding.^[2] Köbler dates Accius 170–c. 90 BC.^[4]

Semantic evolution

Lewis & Short call it rare but classical.^[5] Intransitively it meant to resound all round, re-echo, as in Livy's locus quī circumsonat ululātibus “a place ringing with howls”; transitively, to surround with noise, as in Virgil; and of shouts, to sound all round.^[2][6]

Timeline

• 170–c. 90 BC – Accius uses it.^[2][4]
• 70–19 BC – Virgil uses it transitively.^[2][4]
• 59 BC–17 AD – Livy uses it of shouts.^[2][4]

Meanings

Verb

1. (intransitive) To resound all round, re-echo.^[2]
2. (transitive) To surround with noise.^[2]
3. (of shouts) To sound all round.^[2]

Word family

• circumsonus

Related words

• assonō
• cōnsonō
• dissonō
• exsonō
• īnsonō
• intersonō
• obsonō
• personō
• praesonō
• resonō
• sonō
• sonus

References

1. ^ a b c d Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f g h i Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
3. ^ de Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 7, Leiden; Boston: Brill
4. ^ a b c d Köbler, Gerhard (2010), Lateinisches Abkunfts- und Wirkungswörterbuch für Altertum und Mittelalter, online ed., koeblergerhard.de
5. ^ Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
6. ^ Gaffiot, Félix (2016), Dictionnaire latin-français, new ed. by Gérard Gréco et al. (Gaffiot 2016), online ed.