Etymologically
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castanea

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Pronunciation

  • IPA (Classical): [kasˈta.ne.a][1]
  • IPA (Ecclesiastical): [kasˈtaː.ne.a][1]

Forms

castanea f (genitive castaneae); first declension[1]

Etymology

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek καστάνεια (kastáneia), from κάστανα (kástana, “chestnuts”).[1][2] Köbler adds that the Greek word was probably borrowed from a language of Asia Minor.[3]

Earliest recorded meaning

Köbler's first source is Virgil (70–19 BC).[3] Virgil's Eclogues have “bristly chestnuts” and “soft chestnuts”.[2]

Semantic evolution

It meant the chestnut tree, as in Virgil's Georgics and Pliny, and the chestnut, which Martial ate roasted.[2] Virgil also says castaneae nuces.[4]

Columella and Palladius write of growing the tree.[5] The word continues in nearly every Romance language, as Italian castagna and French châtaigne.[6][1] English chestnut comes from Old French chastain with nut added.[7]

Timeline

  • 70–19 BC – Virgil uses it of the tree and the nut.[2][3]
  • 1st century AD – Columella writes of the chestnut tree.[5][3]
  • 23/24–79 AD – Pliny the Elder names it among mountain trees.[2][3]
  • 1560s – English chestnut is recorded.[7]

Meanings

Noun

  1. The chestnut tree.[2][1]
  2. A chestnut.[2][1]

Word family

  • castanētum
  • castaneālis
  • castaneārius
  • castaneolus
  • castaneus

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b c d e f g Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
  3. ^ a b c d e Köbler, Gerhard (2010), Lateinisches Abkunfts- und Wirkungswörterbuch für Altertum und Mittelalter, online ed., koeblergerhard.de
  4. ^ Georges, Karl Ernst (1913–1918), Ausführliches lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch, 8th ed., ed. Heinrich Georges, Hannover; Leipzig: Hahn
  5. ^ a b Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  6. ^ Buchi, Éva; Schweickard, Wolfgang, eds. (2008–), Dictionnaire Étymologique Roman (DÉRom), Nancy: ATILF, http://www.atilf.fr/DERom
  7. ^ a b Harper, Douglas. Online Etymology Dictionary, https://www.etymonline.com