castanea Latin · revision 3821

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=Virgil|origins=grc κάστανον}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [kasˈta.ne.a]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [kasˈtaː.ne.a]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''castanea''' ''f'' (genitive castaneae); first declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|grc|καστάνεια|tr=kastáneia]], from [[m|grc|κάστανα|tr=kástana|t=chestnuts]].^(Wiktionary)^(OLD 2012) Köbler adds that the Greek word was probably borrowed from a language of Asia Minor.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler's first source is Virgil (70–19 BC).^(Köbler 2010) Virgil's Eclogues have “bristly chestnuts” and “soft chestnuts”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant the chestnut tree, as in Virgil's Georgics and Pliny, and the chestnut, which Martial ate roasted.^(OLD 2012) Virgil also says ''castaneae nuces''.^(Georges 1913)

+

+ Columella and Palladius write of growing the tree.^(Lewis & Short 1879) The word continues in nearly every Romance language, as Italian [[m|it|castagna]] and French [[m|fr|châtaigne]].^(DÉRom)^(Wiktionary) English ''chestnut'' comes from Old French ''chastain'' with ''nut'' added.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil uses it of the tree and the nut.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1st century AD – Columella writes of the chestnut tree.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 23/24–79 AD – Pliny the Elder names it among mountain trees.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1560s – English ''chestnut'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # The [[m|en|chestnut]] tree.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A chestnut.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[castanētum]]

+ * [[castaneālis]]

+ * [[castaneārius]]

+ * [[castaneolus]]

+ * [[castaneus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[en|chestnut]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}