Etymologically
Log in

casa

This is the current revision of this entry, as edited by bogdan on 16 October 2026 at 12:39. This address is a permanent link to this version.
Changes in this edit History

Pronunciation

  • IPA (Classical): [ˈka.sa][1]
  • IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈkaː.s̬a][1]

Forms

casa f (genitive casae); first declension[1]

Etymology

The etymology is uncertain.[2][3] Walde and Hofmann explain it as a dialectal development of *kat-ja, from a root Proto-Indo-European *kat- (“to plait”), as in catēna “chain”.[2][1] De Vaan finds a link with European words for “hut” from *ket- / *kot- also possible, such as Avestan 𐬐𐬀𐬙𐬀 (kata-, “chamber”) and Old Church Slavonic котьць (kotĭcĭ, “cell”).[2][1] Isidore of Seville describes the casa as a rustic dwelling woven of stakes, twigs and reeds.[4]

Earliest recorded meaning

De Vaan dates it from Terence, who has the proverb not to flee past one's own hut.[2][5] Köbler dates Terence 190–159 BC.[6]

Semantic evolution

It meant a small, humble dwelling, a cottage, hut or hovel, as Virgil's low huts, also a soldiers' hut, a shop or booth, and the replica of Romulus' hut on the Capitol.[5][7] The proverb ita fugiās nē praeter casam meant to overshoot the mark.[5]

In Medieval Latin it meant a house or dwelling, a peasant homestead and a farm as a unit of exploitation.[8] It replaced domus in most Romance languages, as Italian, Spanish and Portuguese casa and Romanian casă, and in Old French chiese, whence French chez “at the house of”.[1][9] English chez was borrowed in 1740, and English casino came in 1744 from the Italian diminutive.[9]

Timeline

  • 190–159 BC – Terence uses it in a proverb.[5][6]
  • 70–19 BC – Virgil speaks of low huts.[7][6]
  • c. 560–636 AD – Isidore of Seville describes it as a woven rustic hut.[4][6]
  • 1744 – English casino is recorded.[9]

Meanings

Noun

  1. A small humble dwelling, cottage, hut.[5]
  2. A shop, booth.[5]
  3. (Medieval Latin) A house; a peasant homestead.[8]

Word family

  • casālis
  • casānicus
  • casārius
  • casella
  • casula
  • casāles
  • casāria
  • casellula

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b c d de Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 7, Leiden; Boston: Brill
  3. ^ Thesaurus linguae Latinae (1900–), Leipzig: Teubner; Berlin: De Gruyter; open-access ed., Munich: Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften
  4. ^ a b Isidore of Seville, Etymologiarum sive Originum libri XX, ed. W. M. Lindsay (Oxford, 1911).
  5. ^ a b c d e f Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
  6. ^ a b c d Köbler, Gerhard (2010), Lateinisches Abkunfts- und Wirkungswörterbuch für Altertum und Mittelalter, online ed., koeblergerhard.de
  7. ^ a b Gaffiot, Félix (2016), Dictionnaire latin-français, new ed. by Gérard Gréco et al. (Gaffiot 2016), online ed.
  8. ^ a b Niermeyer, J. F. (1976), Mediae Latinitatis Lexicon Minus, Leiden: Brill
  9. ^ a b c Harper, Douglas. Online Etymology Dictionary, https://www.etymonline.com