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calidarius

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Forms

calidārius (feminine calidāria, neuter calidārium); first/second-declension adjective; also syncopated caldārius[1][2]

Etymology

It is from Latin calida (“hot water”) + -ārius, formed on the noun for hot water, the feminine of calidus (“hot”).[1][3] Georges derives it from the short form caldus, and VOLI from the verb caleō (“to be warm”).[2][4]

Earliest recorded meaning

Vitruvius uses it of the bronze vessel of hot water for the bath.[2][5]

Semantic evolution

It described what served for heat or hot water.[1][2] Pliny the Younger, describing his villa, sets the hot rooms of the bath beside the cold ones,[3][6] and inscriptions record a hot room of a gymnasium and a bronze pot for hot water.[3] Pliny the Elder calls one kind of copper caldārium because it could only be worked hot,[2][7] and Palladius has a cement for the walls of bathrooms.[2]

Used as nouns, the feminine and neuter named the hot room of a bath and the bath itself: Seneca and Celsus have the neuter,[7][6] the Historia Augusta the feminine.[2][3] Both also came to mean a cooking pot or cauldron, in the Vulgate's First Book of Kings, in the herbal of Pseudo-Apuleius and in Eucherius.[2][6]

The TLL traces Italian caldaia, French chaudière and Spanish caldera to it, perhaps through a phrase meaning a pot for hot water.[3] In Polish medieval Latin caldārium was a cauldron for brewing, for boiling brine and for the ordeal, and caldārius a coppersmith.[8]

Timeline

  • c. 84–c. 25 BC – Vitruvius has the vessel of hot water for the bath.[2][5]
  • 4 BC–65 AD – Seneca uses the neuter for a hot bath.[7][5]
  • 23/24–79 AD – Pliny the Elder names a copper worked hot.[2][5]
  • 390–406 AD – The Vulgate uses the feminine for a cooking pot.[2][5]
  • 1452 – A Polish record calls a coppersmith caldārius.[8]

Meanings

Adjective

  1. Of or for hot water; heated: cella calidāria, the hot room of a bath.[1][2][6]
  2. (of copper) Worked hot.[2][7]

Noun

  1. calidārium or calidāria: the hot room of a bath, a caldarium; a hot bath.[1][2][7]
  2. (Late Latin) calidāria or calidārium: a cooking pot, cauldron.[2][6]
  3. (Medieval Latin) caldārius: a coppersmith.[8]

Word family

  • calidāria
  • calidarium

References

  1. ^ a b c d e Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Georges, Karl Ernst (1913–1918), Ausführliches lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch, 8th ed., ed. Heinrich Georges, Hannover; Leipzig: Hahn
  3. ^ a b c d e Thesaurus linguae Latinae (1900–), Leipzig: Teubner; Berlin: De Gruyter; open-access ed., Munich: Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften
  4. ^ Bianchi, Rossella; Lelli, Olga (2014), VOLI: Vocabolario di latino, Florence: Le Monnier
  5. ^ a b c d e Köbler, Gerhard (2010), Lateinisches Abkunfts- und Wirkungswörterbuch für Altertum und Mittelalter, online ed., koeblergerhard.de
  6. ^ a b c d e Conte, Gian Biagio; Pianezzola, Emilio; Ranucci, Giuliano (2010), il Latino: Vocabolario della lingua latina, 3rd ed., Florence: Le Monnier
  7. ^ a b c d e Gaffiot, Félix (2016), Dictionnaire latin-français, new ed. by Gérard Gréco et al. (Gaffiot 2016), online ed.
  8. ^ a b c Lexicon mediae et infimae Latinitatis Polonorum (1953–), Kraków: Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN; electronic ed. elexicon.scriptores.pl