calculo
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Pronunciation
Forms
calculō (present infinitive calculāre, perfect active calculāvī, supine calculātum); first conjugation[1]
Etymology
It is from calculus “pebble, counting stone, reckoning” with the verb suffix -ō, and a deponent ⟨calculor⟩ also occurs.[1][2][3] ⟨Calculus⟩ is a diminutive of calx “limestone, pebble”.[4]
Earliest recorded meaning
Lewis and Short call it late Latin and cite Prudentius.[3][5]
Semantic evolution
It meant to calculate, compute, reckon, as in Prudentius, and figuratively to reckon as, esteem, value, as in Sidonius.[3][5] A noun calculō, -ōnis meant an accountant, as in Augustine.[3][5]
In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant to compute, reckon, count.[6] English calculate came in the 1560s from its participle, replacing Middle English calculen from Old French.[7]
Timeline
- Late Latin – Prudentius uses it of reckoning.[3][5]
- 354–430 AD – Augustine uses the noun calculō.[3][4]
- 1560s – English calculate is recorded.[7]
Meanings
Verb
Word family
- caculātum
- calculātiō
- calculātor
- calculātōrius
- calculātrīx
- calculātūra
Related words
References
- ^ a b c d Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
- ^ Thesaurus linguae Latinae (1900–), Leipzig: Teubner; Berlin: De Gruyter; open-access ed., Munich: Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften
- ^ a b c d e f g h Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- ^ a b Köbler, Gerhard (2010), Lateinisches Abkunfts- und Wirkungswörterbuch für Altertum und Mittelalter, online ed., koeblergerhard.de
- ^ a b c d e Gaffiot, Félix (2016), Dictionnaire latin-français, new ed. by Gérard Gréco et al. (Gaffiot 2016), online ed.
- ^ Stelten, Leo F. (1995), Dictionary of Ecclesiastical Latin, Peabody, Mass.: Hendrickson
- ^ a b Harper, Douglas. Online Etymology Dictionary, https://www.etymonline.com