Etymologically
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caballarius

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Pronunciation

  • IPA (Classical): [ka.balˈlaː.ri.ʊs][1]
  • IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ka.balˈlaː.ri.us][1]

Forms

caballārius m (genitive caballāriī or caballārī); second declension[1]

Etymology

It is from caballus “horse, nag” with the suffix -ārius.[1][2][3]

Earliest recorded meaning

It is found in glosses, which equate it with Greek words for “rider” and “groom”, and in inscriptions.[4][5][3]

Semantic evolution

In late glosses it meant a rider or horseman, and a groom or stableman.[4][5] In Medieval Latin, as adjective, it meant of horses, mounted, or carried by horses, as Bede's horse-litter, and as a noun a mounted warrior, a knight, also the knight in chess.[6][7]

It survives in French chevalier and cavalier, Italian cavaliere, Spanish caballero and Portuguese cavaleiro.[1][2] Through Anglo-French it is the source of English chevalier in the late 14th century, through Italian of English cavalier in the 1580s, and through Spanish of English caballero in 1861.[2] English chivalry comes from the related Old French chevalerie.[2]

Timeline

  • 9th century – Hincmar uses it.[3]
  • late 14th century – English chevalier is recorded.[2]
  • 1580s – English cavalier is recorded.[2]

Meanings

Noun

  1. A rider, horseman; a groom.[4][5]
  2. (Medieval Latin) A knight, mounted warrior; the knight in chess.[6][7]

Adjective

  1. (Medieval Latin) Of horses; carried by horses.[6][7]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b c d e f Harper, Douglas. Online Etymology Dictionary, https://www.etymonline.com
  3. ^ a b c Köbler, Gerhard (2010), Lateinisches Abkunfts- und Wirkungswörterbuch für Altertum und Mittelalter, online ed., koeblergerhard.de
  4. ^ a b c Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  5. ^ a b c Gaffiot, Félix (2016), Dictionnaire latin-français, new ed. by Gérard Gréco et al. (Gaffiot 2016), online ed.
  6. ^ a b c Niermeyer, J. F. (1976), Mediae Latinitatis Lexicon Minus, Leiden: Brill
  7. ^ a b c Latham, R. E., D. R. Howlett, R. K. Ashdowne, et al. (1975–2013), Dictionary of Medieval Latin from British Sources, London: British Academy / Oxford University Press