Etymologically
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affectus

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Pronunciation

  • IPA (Classical): [afˈfɛk.tʊs][1]
  • IPA (Ecclesiastical): [afˈfɛk.tus][1]

Forms

affectus m (genitive affectūs); fourth declension[1]

Etymology

It is from Latin afficiō (“to affect”) + -tus, a verbal noun of the fourth declension.[2][3] afficiō is ad- and faciō “to make, do”.[2]

Earliest recorded meaning

Cicero, in the Tusculan Disputations, says a man is such as the disposition of his mind.[4] Köbler dates Cicero 81–43 BC.[5]

Semantic evolution

It was a mental or emotional state, a mood or feeling, and especially a strong emotion or passion, as Ovid's sister of Meleager wavering between feelings.[2][4] Quintilian says the Greeks divide emotions into pathos and ēthos.[4] With corporis it was a physical state, especially an illness, as in Celsus.[2] In astrology it was the aspect of a planet.[2] It also meant a lasting disposition of mind, eagerness or zeal, and above all affection and love, and concretely a loved one.[2] The TLL notes its frequency in Seneca and Quintilian, where it often overlaps with affectio.[3]

In medieval Latin it kept the senses of emotion, disposition, will and intention.[6][7] Its Romance descendants include Italian affetto.[1]

Timeline

  • 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of the disposition of the mind.[4][5]
  • 14–37 AD – Celsus uses it of bodily states.[2][5]
  • c. 35–95/96 AD – Quintilian discusses the kinds of emotion.[4][5]

Meanings

Noun

  1. A state of mind, mood, feeling; a strong emotion, passion.[2][1]
  2. A bodily state, especially a disease.[2]
  3. (astrology) The aspect of a heavenly body.[2]
  4. A disposition of mind, character.[2]
  5. Eagerness, zeal.[2]
  6. Affection, love; a loved one.[2][1]
  7. An intention, attitude.[2][7]

Word family

  • affectīvus
  • affectuōsus

Usage notes

Affectus is also the participle of afficiō, used as an adjective “endowed with; disposed; weakened, sick”.[2][8]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
  3. ^ a b Thesaurus linguae Latinae (1900–), Leipzig: Teubner; Berlin: De Gruyter; open-access ed., Munich: Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften
  4. ^ a b c d e Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  5. ^ a b c d Köbler, Gerhard (2010), Lateinisches Abkunfts- und Wirkungswörterbuch für Altertum und Mittelalter, online ed., koeblergerhard.de
  6. ^ Mittellateinisches Wörterbuch bis zum ausgehenden 13. Jahrhundert (1967–), Munich: C. H. Beck; Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften
  7. ^ a b Latham, R. E., D. R. Howlett, R. K. Ashdowne, et al. (1975–2013), Dictionary of Medieval Latin from British Sources, London: British Academy / Oxford University Press
  8. ^ Georges, Karl Ernst (1913–1918), Ausführliches lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch, 8th ed., ed. Heinrich Georges, Hannover; Leipzig: Hahn