Etymologically
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accola

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Pronunciation

  • Classical: [ˈak.kɔ.ɫa][1]
  • Ecclesiastical: [ˈak.ko.la][1]

Forms

accola m or f (genitive accolae); first declension[1] It is also spelled adcola.[2][3] Glosses and late manuscripts have accula and acola.[3]

Etymology

It is from Latin accolō (“to dwell near”), with the noun ending ⟨-a⟩.[2][3][1] The verb is ad- (“near”) with colō (“to till, inhabit”), which de Vaan traces to Proto-Italic *kʷele/o- and Proto-Indo-European *kʷelh₁-e/o- (“to go round”).[4] Cognate with Ancient Greek πέλομαι (pélomai, “to move, be”).[4]

Earliest recorded meaning

Köbler dates it from Plautus,[5] whose Aulularia lists welcome citizens, fellow countrymen, inhabitants, neighbours and strangers.[6]

Semantic evolution

It is a person who lives nearby, a neighbour, and with a genitive or dative one who lives beside a place: Virgil's dwellers by the shallow Volturnus, Livy's shepherd living nearby, and Cicero's neighbours of Ceres, those living by her temple.[2][6] Lewis & Short contrast it with incola, one who lives in a place.[6] Seneca uses it simply of inhabitants.[2] Church Latin glosses it sojourner.[7]

In medieval Latin it is a tenant, free or unfree, whose holding was smaller than a serf's manse, and in the feminine the holding itself.[8]

Timeline

  • c. 250–184 BC – Plautus in a list of townspeople and neighbours.[6][5]
  • 81–43 BC – Cicero of the neighbours of Ceres' temple.[6][5]
  • 70–19 BC – Virgil of dwellers by a river.[2][5]

Meanings

Noun

  1. One who lives nearby, a neighbour; one who dwells beside a place.[2][6][1]
  2. An inhabitant; in Church Latin, a sojourner.[2][7]
  3. (Medieval Latin) A tenant of free or servile status.[8]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b c d e f g Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
  3. ^ a b c Thesaurus linguae Latinae (1900–), Leipzig: Teubner; Berlin: De Gruyter; open-access ed., Munich: Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften
  4. ^ a b de Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 7, Leiden; Boston: Brill
  5. ^ a b c d Köbler, Gerhard (2010), Lateinisches Abkunfts- und Wirkungswörterbuch für Altertum und Mittelalter, online ed., koeblergerhard.de
  6. ^ a b c d e f Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  7. ^ a b Stelten, Leo F. (1995), Dictionary of Ecclesiastical Latin, Peabody, Mass.: Hendrickson
  8. ^ a b Niermeyer, J. F. (1976), Mediae Latinitatis Lexicon Minus, Leiden: Brill