Etymologically
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abunde

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Pronunciation

  • Classical: [aˈbʊn.deː], [aˈbʊn.dɛ][1]
  • Ecclesiastical: [aˈbun.de][1]

Forms

abundē̆ (not comparable)[1] It is also spelled hab-.[2] Grammarians disagreed about the length of the final vowel.[1]

Etymology

It is the adverb in -ē of an adjective ⟨abundus⟩, from abundō (“to overflow, abound”).[2][1][3] De Vaan lists ⟨abundō⟩ under unda (“wave”), which he traces to Proto-Italic *udōr (“water”) and Proto-Indo-European *ud-ōr, *ud-n- (“water”), cognate with Umbrian utur (“water”), Ancient Greek ὕδωρ (húdōr) and Gothic 𐍅𐌰𐍄𐍉 (watō).[4]

Earliest recorded meaning

The OLD's earliest example is the historian Sisenna, of people who always used plenty of gold and silver lavishly.[2][3] Köbler's first source is Virgil.[5]

Semantic evolution

With verbs it means “in abundance, amply, fully”.[2] With a genitive, abundē est is “there is more than enough of”, as Virgil's “there is enough of terror and deceit”, and with an infinitive “it is amply sufficient to”.[2][6] With adjectives it is “fully, very”: Sallust says the mind is mighty and famous when it pursues glory by virtue.[2]

Timeline

  • 120–67 BC – Sisenna of lavish use of gold.[2][5]
  • 86–34 BC – Sallust of a very powerful mind.[2][5]
  • 70–19 BC – Virgil, abundē est with a genitive.[2][5]

Meanings

Adverb

  1. In abundance, amply, with plenty to spare, fully.[2][3][1]
  2. abundē est, there is more than enough (of); it is amply sufficient (to).[2]
  3. Exceedingly, very.[2][3]

Usage notes

Döderlein distinguishes satis, a sufficient measure, from affatim and abundē, which suggest rather too much than too little.[7]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
  3. ^ a b c d Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  4. ^ de Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 7, Leiden; Boston: Brill
  5. ^ a b c d Köbler, Gerhard (2010), Lateinisches Abkunfts- und Wirkungswörterbuch für Altertum und Mittelalter, online ed., koeblergerhard.de
  6. ^ Thesaurus linguae Latinae (1900–), Leipzig: Teubner; Berlin: De Gruyter; open-access ed., Munich: Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften
  7. ^ Döderlein, Ludwig (1874), Döderlein’s Hand-book of Latin Synonymes, tr. H. H. Arnold, Andover: W. F. Draper