abunde Latin · revision 31638

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=120–67 BC, Sisenna|origins=la unda}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [aˈbʊn.deː], [aˈbʊn.dɛ]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [aˈbun.de]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''abundē̆''' (not comparable)^(Wiktionary)

+ It is also spelled ''hab-''.^(OLD 2012) Grammarians disagreed about the length of the final vowel.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is the adverb in [[m|la|-ē]] of an adjective ⟨abundus⟩, from [[abundō|t=to overflow, abound]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Lewis & Short 1879) De Vaan lists ⟨abundō⟩ under [[unda|t=wave]], which he traces to [[itc-pro|*udōr|t=water]] and [[ine-pro|*wódr̥|alt=*ud-ōr, *ud-n-|t=water]], cognate with [[xum|utur|t=water]], [[grc|ὕδωρ|tr=húdōr]] and [[got|𐍅𐌰𐍄𐍉|tr=watō]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The OLD's earliest example is the historian Sisenna, of people who always used plenty of gold and silver lavishly.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Köbler's first source is Virgil.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ With verbs it means “in abundance, amply, fully”.^(OLD 2012) With a genitive, ''abundē est'' is “there is more than enough of”, as Virgil's “there is enough of terror and deceit”, and with an infinitive “it is amply sufficient to”.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL) With adjectives it is “fully, very”: Sallust says the mind is mighty and famous when it pursues glory by virtue.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 120–67 BC – Sisenna of lavish use of gold.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 86–34 BC – Sallust of a very powerful mind.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil, ''abundē est'' with a genitive.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adverb===

+ # In [[m|en|abundance]], [[m|en|amply]], with plenty to spare, fully.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''abundē est'', there is more than enough (of); it is amply sufficient (to).^(OLD 2012)

+ # Exceedingly, very.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[abundō]]

+ * [[unda]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Döderlein distinguishes ''satis'', a sufficient measure, from ''affatim'' and ''abundē'', which suggest rather too much than too little.^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}