Etymology and origin of the Italian word sommesso
- Confidence
- Established
- Formation
- Inherited
- First attested
- 1353 Boccaccio, Decameron More words from the 14th century
- Inherited from
- Latin submissus
- Ultimate origin
- Latin mittō
Etymology tree
Pronunciation
- /somˈmes.so/[1]
Forms
sommesso (feminine sommessa, masculine plural sommessi, feminine plural sommesse)[1]
Etymology
It is inherited from Latin submissus (“lowered; low, soft”), also spelled summissus, the past participle of submittō (“to lower, put under”), formed from sub- (“under”) and mittō (“to send, put”).[2][3][1][4] In Italian it is the past participle of sommettere used as an adjective;[5][6][7] GRADIT files it under that verb, which continues the same Latin verb.[5][6][7] Tommaseo took it for a shortening of sottomesso, but notes that the longer word is not used of a soft voice.[8]
Earliest recorded meaning
DELI's first record is in Boccaccio's Decameron (1353), of a low, subdued voice: the lady “called him in a low voice through a little hole” (con voce sommessa da un pertugetto che v'era il chiamò).[2][9] DEI dates it to the 14th century with Petrarch.[7]
Semantic evolution
Old forms are somesso, somisso, sonmesso and sumesso; the Ovid translation and Cellini wrote somissa voce, still close to the Latin summissa.[9] The word was used above all of the voice, of whispered words and prayers, and of a calm, discreet tone.[9]
The older Latin sense “submissive, humble” lives on in literary use, and in a figurative sense “modest, not assertive”, as in a mio sommesso avviso “in my humble opinion”.[10][11][12] As an adverb it means “softly”, as in Manzoni's Di vostre speranze parlate sommesso (“speak softly of your hopes”).[10][11] DEI records the old derivatives sommessevole (17th century, Segneri) and sommessivo (16th century, Davanzati).[7]
Timeline
- 1353 – Boccaccio uses voce sommessa in the Decameron.[2][9]
- 16th century – Davanzati uses sommessivo.[7]
- 17th century – Segneri uses sommessevole.[7]
Meanings
Adjective
- Of a sound, especially the voice: low, soft, subdued, barely audible: Mi rispose con un filo di voce sommessa.[5][10][13][14]
- (literary, uncommon) submissive, humble: un'aria sommessa e rassegnata.[5][10][13][12][14]
- (figurative) Modest, not assertive: a mio sommesso avviso “in my humble opinion”.[10][14]
Adverb
Word family
- sommessamente
- sommessevole
Related words
- sommettere
- sottomesso
- sommissione
- Latin submissus
Usage notes
An old homograph sommesso was a unit of length, the breadth of a fist with the thumb raised (about 15 cm), once used in northern Italy and Tuscany;[5][12][10][15] GRADIT dates it to before 1405 and Zingarelli to before 1348, and it probably comes from Latin sēmissis “half an as”.[5][12][10][15] Boccaccio describes a woman “not a sommesso tall” (che non era alta un sommesso).[12][8] DEI notes that the measure still lives in northern Italy outside the Veneto, as Lombard somes with the stress drawn back, and that Venetian soméso is recorded in 1420.[7]
References
- ^ a b c Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
- ^ a b c Cortelazzo, Manlio; Zolli, Paolo (1999), Dizionario etimologico della lingua italiana, 2nd ed. by Manlio Cortelazzo and Michele A. Cortelazzo, Bologna: Zanichelli
- ^ Nocentini, Alberto; Parenti, Alessandro (2010), l'Etimologico: vocabolario della lingua italiana, Firenze: Le Monnier
- ^ Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
- ^ a b c d e f De Mauro, Tullio (ed.) (2003), Grande dizionario italiano dell'uso, CD-ROM version 2.0, Torino: UTET
- ^ a b Wikizionario (Italian Wiktionary), it.wiktionary.org
- ^ a b c d e f g Battisti, Carlo; Alessio, Giovanni (1950–1957), Dizionario etimologico italiano, 5 vols., Firenze: Barbèra (reprint 1975), p. 3541
- ^ a b Tommaseo, Niccolò; Bellini, Bernardo (1861–1879), Dizionario della lingua italiana, 4 vols., Torino: UTET
- ^ a b c d Battaglia, Salvatore; Bàrberi Squarotti, Giorgio (1961–2002), Grande dizionario della lingua italiana, 21 vols., Torino: UTET; digital ed. Accademia della Crusca, p. 19, 385
- ^ a b c d e f g h Devoto, Giacomo; Oli, Gian Carlo; Serianni, Luca; Trifone, Maurizio (2026), Nuovo Devoto–Oli: il vocabolario dell'italiano contemporaneo, digital ed., Milano: Le Monnier
- ^ a b Duro, Aldo (ed.) (1986–1994), Vocabolario della lingua italiana, Roma: Istituto della Enciclopedia Italiana; online ed. treccani.it/vocabolario (2008 copy)
- ^ a b c d e f Zingarelli, Nicola (2009), Lo Zingarelli 2010: vocabolario della lingua italiana, Bologna: Zanichelli
- ^ a b c Sabatini, Francesco; Coletti, Vittorio; Manfredini, Manuela (2026), Dizionario italiano Sabatini Coletti, digital ed., Milano: Sansoni / Rizzoli Larousse
- ^ a b c Vocabolario della lingua italiana Treccani (2011), Roma: Istituto della Enciclopedia Italiana
- ^ a b Battaglia, Salvatore; Bàrberi Squarotti, Giorgio (1961–2002), Grande dizionario della lingua italiana, 21 vols., Torino: UTET; digital ed. Accademia della Crusca, p. 19, 386
Related etymologies
Cite this entry
“Sommesso.” Etymologically, 14 Nov. 2026, etymologically.com/it/sommesso. Accessed 15 Nov. 2026.
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