Etymologically
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giuria

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Pronunciation

  • /d͡ʒuˈri.a/[1]

Forms

giuria f (plural giurie)[1]

Etymology

It is borrowed from French jury, adapted with the Italian noun ending ⟨-ia⟩; the same French word had already been taken over as giurì.[2][3][4][5] French had the word from English jury in the 18th century, and English had it from Old French jurée (“oath; judicial inquiry”), a derivative of jurer (“to swear”).[2][6][7][1] The institution itself goes back to the first period of Norman rule in England and is documented in the Assize of Clarendon of 1166.[7] The French verb continues Latin iūrō (“to swear”), which also gave Italian giurare.[8]

Earliest recorded meaning

GRADIT and Nocentini date the word to 1875.[4][3] DELI's first quotation, from Fanfani and Arlìa in 1877, comments that the new rules of criminal procedure had brought in new words such as giurati, verdetto and giuria, the last for the institution as a whole.[2]

Semantic evolution

In Italy the jury sat in the courts of assize from the unification until 1931, and again briefly from 1946 to 1951, when it was replaced by the present lay judges, the giudici popolari.[9] The word survived the institution: since 1932 it has been used above all for a panel that judges and awards prizes in contests, exhibitions and sports.[2][7] DEI notes that the shorter giurì stayed in legal and duelling use, as in giurì d'onore, while giuria prevailed for the judges of sporting and artistic competitions.[7]

Timeline

  • 1166 – The Assize of Clarendon documents the English jury.[7]
  • 1799 – The French loan giurì appears in the constitution of the Neapolitan Republic.[2]
  • 1875 – Giuria is first recorded.[4][3]
  • 1931 – The jury is abolished in the Italian courts of assize.[9]
  • 1932 – Ugo Ojetti uses giuria for the judges of a competition.[2]

Meanings

Noun

  1. (law) The body of lay judges and magistrates of a court of assize; in Anglo-Saxon criminal trials, and in Italy until 1930, the jury of sworn citizens who decide on the facts.[4][6][5]
  2. A panel of judges that supervises and awards the prizes in a competition, show or sporting event: La giuria del festival ha premiato un esordiente.[4][6][10]
  • giurare
  • giurato
  • giurì
  • French jury

References

  1. ^ a b c Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b c d e f Cortelazzo, Manlio; Zolli, Paolo (1999), Dizionario etimologico della lingua italiana, 2nd ed. by Manlio Cortelazzo and Michele A. Cortelazzo, Bologna: Zanichelli
  3. ^ a b c Nocentini, Alberto; Parenti, Alessandro (2010), l'Etimologico: vocabolario della lingua italiana, Firenze: Le Monnier
  4. ^ a b c d e De Mauro, Tullio (ed.) (2003), Grande dizionario italiano dell'uso, CD-ROM version 2.0, Torino: UTET
  5. ^ a b Zingarelli, Nicola (2009), Lo Zingarelli 2010: vocabolario della lingua italiana, Bologna: Zanichelli
  6. ^ a b c Devoto, Giacomo; Oli, Gian Carlo; Serianni, Luca; Trifone, Maurizio (2026), Nuovo Devoto–Oli: il vocabolario dell'italiano contemporaneo, digital ed., Milano: Le Monnier
  7. ^ a b c d e Battisti, Carlo; Alessio, Giovanni (1950–1957), Dizionario etimologico italiano, 5 vols., Firenze: Barbèra (reprint 1975), p. 1823
  8. ^ Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1935), Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., Heidelberg: Winter
  9. ^ a b Battaglia, Salvatore; Bàrberi Squarotti, Giorgio (1961–2002), Grande dizionario della lingua italiana, 21 vols., Torino: UTET; digital ed. Accademia della Crusca
  10. ^ Sabatini, Francesco; Coletti, Vittorio; Manfredini, Manuela (2026), Dizionario italiano Sabatini Coletti, digital ed., Milano: Sansoni / Rizzoli Larousse