estrarre

Forms

estrarre (first-person singular present estràggo, first-person singular past historic estràssi, past participle estràtto, first-person singular imperfect estraévo, auxiliary avére)^[1] Old forms include estraere, estraggere and istrarre.^[2][3][4]

Etymology

It is learned: it is borrowed from Latin extrahō (“to draw out”), formed from ex- (“out”) and trahō (“to draw”).^{[5][6][7][2][1]} Its conjugation follows trarre.^[1][8] Devoto describes it as a cross of the Latin verb with the Italian one.^[9] DEI suggests that the Latin verb may have been modelled on Ancient Greek ἐξέλκω (exélkō).^[10] The Latin verb also gave French extraire (Old French estraire, 12th century) and Spanish extraer.^[6][2][11]

Earliest recorded meaning

The TLIO's first record is in Brunetto Latini's Rettorica, about 1260–61, for drawing something out of the place that holds it.^[4][7] DELI dates the sense “draw out of something” from Guido da Pisa, before 1337.^[5]

Semantic evolution

In Old Italian the verb already meant to copy passages from books, to draw lots for public offices, and in trade to export goods; in the passive it meant to descend from a family.^[4][7] Drawing numbers or names by lot is dated from the 14th century, and the mathematical sense of finding a root from Galileo, 1606.^[5] Mining (estrarre metals or coal) is dated from Biringuccio, before 1537, and the chemical sense of separating a substance with a solvent belongs to the modern dictionaries.^[5][12]

Its derivatives were formed in Italian or taken from Latin: estrazione continues Medieval Latin extractiō and is recorded from the 14th century, and estratto, the past participle, became a noun for an extract (1618) and an offprint (1870).^[5][6]

Timeline

• About 1260–1261 – Brunetto Latini uses the verb in the Rettorica.^[4]
• 14th century – The sense “draw by lot” is recorded.^[5]
• Before 1337 – Guido da Pisa uses estrarre for drawing something out.^[5]
• Before 1537 – Biringuccio uses istraere for digging ore from a mine.^[5]
• 1606 – Galileo uses the verb for extracting a root.^[5]

Meanings

Verb

1. To extract, draw out, pull out; also to pull a tooth: estrarre le chiavi dalla borsa.^[12][8][7]
2. To draw by lot: estrarre a sorte;^[12][8][13] hanno estratto i biglietti vincenti.^[12][8][13]
3. To mine: to dig out minerals or oil from a deposit.^[12][8][14]
4. To copy out a passage or quotation from a book or register.^[8][13][4]
5. (chemistry) To separate one or more components from a mixture, mechanically or with solvents.^[12][7][15]
6. (mathematics) estrarre la radice, to find the root of a number.^[12][8][14]

Word family

• estratto
• estrazione
• estrattivo
• estrattore
• estraibile
• riestrarre

Related words

• trarre
• Latin extrahō
• French extraire

Usage notes

The verb is conjugated like trarre.^[8][7][16]

References

1. ^ a b c d Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c Battaglia, Salvatore; Bàrberi Squarotti, Giorgio (1961–2002), Grande dizionario della lingua italiana, 21 vols., Torino: UTET; digital ed. Accademia della Crusca
3. ^ Tommaseo, Niccolò; Bellini, Bernardo (1861–1879), Dizionario della lingua italiana, 4 vols., Torino: UTET
4. ^ a b c d e Tesoro della Lingua Italiana delle Origini (1997–), Opera del Vocabolario Italiano, CNR, Firenze; tlio.ovi.cnr.it
5. ^ a b c d e f g h i Cortelazzo, Manlio; Zolli, Paolo (1999), Dizionario etimologico della lingua italiana, 2nd ed. by Manlio Cortelazzo and Michele A. Cortelazzo, Bologna: Zanichelli
6. ^ a b c Nocentini, Alberto; Parenti, Alessandro (2010), l'Etimologico: vocabolario della lingua italiana, Firenze: Le Monnier
7. ^ a b c d e f Zingarelli, Nicola (2009), Lo Zingarelli 2010: vocabolario della lingua italiana, Bologna: Zanichelli
8. ^ a b c d e f g h Devoto, Giacomo; Oli, Gian Carlo; Serianni, Luca; Trifone, Maurizio (2026), Nuovo Devoto–Oli: il vocabolario dell'italiano contemporaneo, digital ed., Milano: Le Monnier
9. ^ Devoto, Giacomo (1968), Avviamento alla etimologia italiana: dizionario etimologico, 2nd ed., Firenze: Le Monnier
10. ^ Battisti, Carlo; Alessio, Giovanni (1950–1957), Dizionario etimologico italiano, 5 vols., Firenze: Barbèra (reprint 1975), p. 1550
11. ^ Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1935), Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., Heidelberg: Winter
12. ^ a b c d e f g De Mauro, Tullio (ed.) (2003), Grande dizionario italiano dell'uso, CD-ROM version 2.0, Torino: UTET
13. ^ a b c Duro, Aldo (ed.) (1986–1994), Vocabolario della lingua italiana, Roma: Istituto della Enciclopedia Italiana; online ed. treccani.it/vocabolario (2008 copy)
14. ^ a b Vocabolario della lingua italiana Treccani (2011), Roma: Istituto della Enciclopedia Italiana
15. ^ Gabrielli, Aldo (2020), Grande dizionario italiano, digital ed., Milano: Hoepli
16. ^ Sabatini, Francesco; Coletti, Vittorio; Manfredini, Manuela (2026), Dizionario italiano Sabatini Coletti, digital ed., Milano: Sansoni / Rizzoli Larousse