ciascheduno

Forms

ciascheduno (feminine ciascheduna, no plural)^[1] Old forms include Old Italian ciascheuno, Old Italian ciascaduno and Old Sienese cescheduno, and the plural ciascheduni is old.^[2][3][4][5]

Etymology

It is inherited from Vulgar Latin *cisque et ūnus (“each and one”), the Vulgar Latin form of Latin quisque (“each”) with et (“and”) and ūnus (“one”).^[6][7][1][8] The first part, *cisque, is the classical pronoun dissimilated.^[2][9][10]

Nocentini analyses it otherwise, as the same pronoun with the phrase *cata ūnum (“each one”) that gave cadauno, a composition he finds clearest in the Old Sienese form cescheduno.^[5] Sabatini–Coletti and Devoto take a middle view: the Latin phrase, modelled on or crossed with that word and its old form catuno.^[11][12] The more common ciascuno also goes back to this form, combined with that phrase, as do French chacun and Old Occitan cascun.^[10]

Earliest recorded meaning

The TLIO's first record is a translation of a text by Ranieri from Viterbo, of the first half of the 13th century, with the distributive sense “every single one”.^[13] Zingarelli dates the word 1266, and DELI cites Bono Giamboni, before 1292.^[14][6]

Semantic evolution

Brunetto Latini, Giamboni and Rustico Filippi used it both as a pronoun and with nouns (ciascheduno anno, every year); in Old Italian it also marked recurring periods of time, and ciascheduno giorno meant “continually, day after day”.^[4][13] Dante wrote of Minos che ciascheduno afferra (who seizes every one), and Boccaccio and Galileo used the adjective, which is now obsolete.^[14][3][15]

Tommaseo found it less nimble than ciascuno, but able by its length to stress the separation of one thing from another.^[15] Today it is an uncommon pronoun with the meaning of ciascuno.^[7][8][3]

Timeline

• 1200–1250 – A Viterbese translation of Ranieri has ciascheduno.^[13]
• 1266 – Zingarelli's date for the word.^[14]
• Before 1292 – Bono Giamboni uses it.^[6]

Meanings

Pronoun

1. (uncommon) Ciascuno: each one, everyone: ne diede un pezzo a ciascheduno.^{[7][8][14][3]}

Adjective

1. (archaic) Every, each.^[14][3][16]

Related words

• ciascuno
• cadauno
• Latin quisque

Usage notes

It is used only in the singular.^[7][8]

References

1. ^ a b c Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b Battisti, Carlo; Alessio, Giovanni (1950–1957), Dizionario etimologico italiano, 5 vols., Firenze: Barbèra (reprint 1975), p. 921
3. ^ a b c d e Duro, Aldo (ed.) (1986–1994), Vocabolario della lingua italiana, Roma: Istituto della Enciclopedia Italiana; online ed. treccani.it/vocabolario (2008 copy)
4. ^ a b Battaglia, Salvatore; Bàrberi Squarotti, Giorgio (1961–2002), Grande dizionario della lingua italiana, 21 vols., Torino: UTET; digital ed. Accademia della Crusca, p. 3, 118
5. ^ a b Nocentini, Alberto; Parenti, Alessandro (2010), l'Etimologico: vocabolario della lingua italiana, Firenze: Le Monnier
6. ^ a b c Cortelazzo, Manlio; Zolli, Paolo (1999), Dizionario etimologico della lingua italiana, 2nd ed. by Manlio Cortelazzo and Michele A. Cortelazzo, Bologna: Zanichelli
7. ^ a b c d De Mauro, Tullio (ed.) (2003), Grande dizionario italiano dell'uso, CD-ROM version 2.0, Torino: UTET
8. ^ a b c d Devoto, Giacomo; Oli, Gian Carlo; Serianni, Luca; Trifone, Maurizio (2026), Nuovo Devoto–Oli: il vocabolario dell'italiano contemporaneo, digital ed., Milano: Le Monnier
9. ^ Battaglia, Salvatore; Bàrberi Squarotti, Giorgio (1961–2002), Grande dizionario della lingua italiana, 21 vols., Torino: UTET; digital ed. Accademia della Crusca
10. ^ a b Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1935), Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., Heidelberg: Winter
11. ^ Sabatini, Francesco; Coletti, Vittorio; Manfredini, Manuela (2026), Dizionario italiano Sabatini Coletti, digital ed., Milano: Sansoni / Rizzoli Larousse
12. ^ Devoto, Giacomo (1968), Avviamento alla etimologia italiana: dizionario etimologico, 2nd ed., Firenze: Le Monnier
13. ^ a b c Tesoro della Lingua Italiana delle Origini (1997–), Opera del Vocabolario Italiano, CNR, Firenze; tlio.ovi.cnr.it
14. ^ a b c d e Zingarelli, Nicola (2009), Lo Zingarelli 2010: vocabolario della lingua italiana, Bologna: Zanichelli
15. ^ a b Tommaseo, Niccolò; Bellini, Bernardo (1861–1879), Dizionario della lingua italiana, 4 vols., Torino: UTET
16. ^ Gabrielli, Aldo (2020), Grande dizionario italiano, digital ed., Milano: Hoepli