Proto-West Germanic words from Proto-Germanic
456 Proto-West Germanic words with Proto-Germanic in their history, whether borrowed directly or passed on through other languages (page 8).
*wedr
Wiktionary reconstructs *wedr for Proto-West Germanic. It continues inherited from Proto-Germanic *wedrą (“weather”), which Orel cites as *weđran and Köbler as *wedra-, *wedram. Kroonen reconstructs…
*weg
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *wegaz (“way”), which Kroonen cites as *wega- and Orel as *weʒaz. Both derive the Proto-Germanic noun from the strong verb "to move, to carry".
*wegan
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *weganą (“to move, to carry”), which Kroonen cites by its stem *wegan-, Orel as *weʒanan and Köbler as *wegan.
*weraldi
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *weraldiz (“world”), which Ringe and Taylor reconstruct for Proto-Northwest Germanic, and Köbler for Proto-Germanic as *weraldi-, *weraldiz. Boutkan and Siebinga…
*werk
1. It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *werką (“work”), which Kroonen cites by its stem *werka- and Orel as *werkan. In Old English the *e was broken before *r and a consonant, giving West Saxon…
*werpan
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *werpaną (“to throw”), which Kroonen cites by its stem *werpan- and Orel as *werpanan. Ringe and Taylor give it as an example of *e before ⟨r⟩ and a consonant…
*werþan
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *werþaną (“to become”), which Kroonen cites by its stem *werþan- and Orel as *werþanan.
*wikā
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *wikǭ (“sequence; week”), which Ringe and Taylor and Kroonen cite as *wikōn- and Orel as *wikōn. In Old English it gave *wiċe and, with the nominative singular…
*willjan
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *wiljaną (“to want”), which Kroonen cites as *weljan- and Orel as *wel(j)anan. West Germanic gemination of the consonant before *j made it *[willjan]. The…
*wirkijan
In its account the verb is inherited from Proto-Germanic *wirkijaną (“to make, to work”), which Köbler writes *wirkjan. Kroonen reconstructs a Proto-Germanic mixed strong and weak verb *werkjan-…
*wiʀ
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *wīz (“we”), which Ringe and Taylor write *wīz ~ *wiz, Kroonen *wīz, Orel *wez, and Köbler *wiz, *wez, *wēz, *weiz. Word-final *z in monosyllables developed…
*wīsijan
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *wīsijaną (“to show, to instruct”), which Orel cites as *wīsjanan and Köbler as *weisjan, *wīsjan. Orel derives the verb from the adjective Proto-Germanic *wīsaz…
*witan
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *witaną (“to know”), which Kroonen cites by its stem *witan-.
*word
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *wurdą (“word”), which Kroonen cites by its stem *wurda- and Orel as *wurđan. Its *o comes from the lowering of stressed *u before a nonhigh vowel in the next…
*wundr
Ringe and Taylor reconstruct *wundr for Proto-West Germanic, and Wiktionary has the same form. It continues inherited from Proto-Germanic *wundrą (“wonder, miracle”), which Ringe and Taylor give as…
*wunēn
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *wunāną (“to be content; to dwell”), which Ringe and Taylor reconstruct as a stative *wunai- ~ *wunja- (perhaps *wunā-) "be at peace", Kroonen as *wunēn- and Orel…
*wunskijan
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *wunskijaną (“to wish”), which Kroonen cites as *wunskjan- and Orel as *wunskjanan. Kroonen takes it for a jan-verb derived from the noun *wunska- "wish", the…
*wurti
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *wurtiz (“root, plant”), which Orel also writes *wurtiz and Kroonen cites by its stem *wurti- "(medicinal) root; herb". Ringe and Taylor trace *wurtiz to a…
*þan
1. It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *þan (“then”), which Orel writes *þana. Ringe and Taylor set up a different Proto-West Germanic form: Proto-Germanic *þan(a) "then" became *þannā, the source…
*þankijan
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *þankijaną (“to perceive, to think”), which Kroonen cites as *þankjan-, Orel as *þankjanan and EWA as *þank(i)jan-. Ringe and Taylor derive the Old English second…
*þār
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *þar (“there”), with a short vowel, as Gothic and Old Norse show. Orel derives the Proto-Germanic adverb from the pronominal stem *þa- with a locative -r, Kroonen…
*þauh
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *þauh (“nevertheless”), which EWA writes *þauχ and Köbler *þau, *þauh. Boutkan traces the Old Frisian word through Proto-Frisian *þāh to an original form *þauhe…
*þing
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *þingą (“assembly”), through Proto-Northwest Germanic *þingą "assembly, court session". Ringe and Taylor think the Verner's law alternation with *þinhaz, *þinhiz-…
*þingōn
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *þingōną (“to hold a meeting, to discuss”), which Köbler writes *þengōn "to fix by contract". Wiktionary analyses it as *þing with the suffix *-ōn, and Boutkan…
*þiudisk
In its account the word is inherited from Proto-Germanic *þiudiskaz (“of the people, popular”), formed like *þeudu "people, tribe" with the suffix *-isk. Köbler too sets up a Proto-Germanic…
*þō
Wiktionary takes it to be probably an old instrumental neuter form from Proto-Germanic *sa (“that”). For Old High German dô, EWA considers a preform *þō, with the *ō kept in a monosyllable, and…
*þorn
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *þurnaz (“thorn”), which Köbler cites as *þurna-, *þurnaz, beside a u-stem *þurnu-, *þurnuz. Orel heads it *þurnuz and writes *þurnuz or *þurnaz in its compounds…
*þorp
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *þurpą (“village; gathering”), which Kroonen cites as *þurpa-. EWA holds that *þurpa- is the only form the attested words require.
*þrāan
Ringe and Taylor reconstruct *þrāan "to twist" for Proto-West Germanic, and Wiktionary has the same form. It continues inherited from Proto-Germanic *þrēaną (“to twist, to turn”), which Orel cites…
*þrīʀ
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *þrīz (“three”), which Köbler cites as *þri-, *þreiz, *þrijiz. Fulk derives the Proto-Germanic masculine nominative *þri(j)iz > *þrīz from the Proto-Indo-European…
*þrīstī
It may be inherited from Proto-Germanic *þrīstja- (“bold”), which Köbler sets up beside *þreista-, *þrīsta- and forms with a nasal, *þrenhsta- and *þrinhsta-.
*þrukkijan
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *þrukkijaną (“to press on, to crowd”), which Orel cites as *þrukkjanan, Köbler as *þrukkjan and EWA as *þrukk(i)jan-. Ringe and Taylor note, after Campbell, that…
*þū
Ringe and Taylor reconstruct the nominative singular *þū "you" for Proto-West Germanic, and Wiktionary has the same form. It continues inherited from Proto-Germanic *þū (“you (singular)”), which…
*þurban
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *þurbaną (“to need”), whose principal parts Ringe gives as *þurbaną, *þarf, *þurftē, *þurftaz. Köbler sets up *þerban, *þerfan, *þurban, *þurfan, *þarban…
*þurstu
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *þurstuz (“thirst”), which Kroonen cites as the masculine *þurstu- and Orel as *þurstuz. EWA finds that the unmutated and mutated forms side by side point to a…
*þus
It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *þus (“so”) in Köbler's reconstruction, an adverb of unknown etymology, and Boutkan and Siebinga trace the word to a Proto-Germanic element *þu-.