*galīkō

Reconstruction

Ringe and Taylor reconstruct the adverb *galīkō "in the same way, similarly" for Proto-West Germanic,^[1] and Wiktionary has the same form.^[2]

Etymology

It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *galīkô (“in the same way, similarly”),^[1] which Ringe and Taylor write *galīkō̄, with a trimoric final vowel.^[1] In final syllables the bimoric *ō became Proto-West Germanic *ā, as in the accusative singular *gebǭ "gift" > *gebā, while trimoric *ō̄ stayed *ō, so that *galīkō̄ became *galīkō.^[1]

Morphology

An adverb formed from an adjective: Ringe counts the deadjectival adverbs of Proto-Germanic in trimoric *-ō among the securely reconstructable formations, with this word as his example.^[3] Wiktionary analyses it as *galīk (“alike, similar”) with the adverb suffix *-ō.^[2]

Evidence

Ringe and Taylor cite Old Saxon gilīko and Old High German gilīhho for the Proto-West Germanic adverb, beside Gothic 𐌲𐌰𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌺𐍉 (galeikō).^[1][2] The Old Saxon adverb is found in the Heliand of about 830.^[4] Köbler sets Old English gelīce (“alike”) beside the Gothic, Old Saxon and Old High German adverbs.^[5] The adverb Old Frisian gelīke (“alike, in the same way”) is found in the Westerlauwers texts.^[6]

Meanings

1. in the same way, similarly^[1][2]
2. likewise^[2]

Old High German also used the adverb for "equally", "together" and "without distinction".^[7]

Reflexes

• Old Saxon: gilīko (“alike, in the same way”)^[4]
• Old High German: gilīhho (“alike, similarly, equally, together”)^[7]

References

1. ^ a b c d e f Ringe, Don; Taylor, Ann (2014), The Development of Old English, A Linguistic History of English II, Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. 59
2. ^ a b c d e Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org, p. s.v. *galīkō
3. ^ Ringe, Don (2017), From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. 327
4. ^ a b Köbler, Gerhard (2014), Altsächsisches Wörterbuch, 5th ed., online, koeblergerhard.de/wikiling, p. s.v. gilīko
5. ^ Köbler, Gerhard (2014), Altenglisches Wörterbuch, 4th ed., online, koeblergerhard.de/wikiling, p. s.v. gelīce
6. ^ Hofmann, Dietrich; Popkema, Anne Tjerk (2008), Altfriesisches Handwörterbuch, Heidelberg: Carl Winter, p. s.v. gelīke
7. ^ a b Köbler, Gerhard (2014), Althochdeutsches Wörterbuch, 6th ed., online, koeblergerhard.de/wikiling, p. s.v. gilīhho