*andī

Reconstruction

Ringe and Taylor reconstruct *andī for Proto-West Germanic, and Wiktionary has the same form.^[1][2]

Etymology

It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *andijaz (“end”),^[1] which Kroonen cites as *andja-, Orel as *anđjaz and Casaretto as *andija-.^[3][4][5] When unstressed *a and *ą were lost at the end of a word, a preceding *ij became *ī, so that *andijaz gave *andī.^[1] This secondary long *-ī was not shortened and survived in Old English ende and Old High German enti, which shows that the shortening of original long *-ī was a very early West Germanic or, as Ringe and Taylor prefer, a Northwest Germanic change.^[6]

Morphology

A ja-stem.^[3][7] Kroonen finds that the oldest languages point to a masculine, and that the word became neuter in the West Germanic dialects only at a late stage.^[3] Old High German has it as masculine and neuter,^[7] Old Dutch as neuter,^[8] and Old Saxon as masculine.^[9] Hogg and Fulk set up a pre-Old English paradigm with nominative and accusative singular *andī, genitive *andijas and dative *andijai.^[10] Old Frisian enda shows a move into another inflectional class.^[11]

Evidence

The noun is attested in all the West Germanic languages: Old English ende, Old Frisian ende, Old Saxon endi and Old High German enti.^[1] Old High German has it from the 8th century,^[7] Old Saxon in the Heliand,^[12] and Old Dutch in the psalms of the 9th century, where ⟨endi⟩ and ⟨einde⟩ gloss Latin fīnis,^[8] and in the Middle Franconian Rhyme Bible of 1151–1200.^[13]

Meanings

1. end^[1][2]

Old English also used the word for "boundary" and "backside",^[14] Old Saxon for "beginning", "aim" and "result",^[12][9] Old Frisian for "death", "final judgement" and "agreement",^[15] and Old High German for "border", "edge", "point" and, in the plural, "land".^[7]

Derivatives

• *andijalaus "endless", which Wiktionary reconstructs;^[16] Orel lists Old English endelēas and Old Saxon endilōs with Gothic and Old Norse cognates.^[4]
• Orel derives a weak verb *anđjōjanan "to end" from the noun, attested as Old English endian, Old Frisian endia, Old Saxon endion and Old High German entōn.^[4]

Reflexes

• Old English: ende (“end, boundary, backside”)^[14]
• Old Frisian: ende (“end, death, final judgement”)^[15]
• Old Saxon: endi (“end, result, beginning”)^[9]
• Old Dutch: endi (“end”)^[13]
• Old High German: enti (“end, border, edge, point”)^[7]

References

1. ^ a b c d e Ringe, Don; Taylor, Ann (2014), The Development of Old English, A Linguistic History of English II, Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. 46
2. ^ a b Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org, p. s.v. *andī
3. ^ a b c Kroonen, Guus (2013), Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 11, Leiden / Boston: Brill, p. 27
4. ^ a b c Orel, Vladimir (2003), A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden / Boston: Brill, p. 18
5. ^ Casaretto, Antje (2004), Nominale Wortbildung der gotischen Sprache: Die Derivation der Substantive, Heidelberg: Winter, p. §2.4.1.1.1
6. ^ Ringe, Don; Taylor, Ann (2014), The Development of Old English, A Linguistic History of English II, Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. 15
7. ^ a b c d e Lloyd, Albert L.; Springer, Otto; Lühr, Rosemarie, et al. (1988–), Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Althochdeutschen, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht; online ewa.saw-leipzig.de, p. s.v. enti¹
8. ^ a b Köbler, Gerhard, Altniederfränkisches Wörterbuch, online, koeblergerhard.de/wikiling, p. s.v. endi
9. ^ a b c Tiefenbach, Heinrich (2010), Altsächsisches Handwörterbuch / A Concise Old Saxon Dictionary, Berlin / New York: De Gruyter, p. s.v. endi
10. ^ Hogg, Richard M.; Fulk, R. D. (2011), A Grammar of Old English, vol. 2: Morphology, Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell, p. §2.23
11. ^ Boutkan, Dirk; Siebinga, Sjoerd Michiel (2005), Old Frisian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 1, Leiden / Boston: Brill, p. s.v. ende
12. ^ a b Köbler, Gerhard (2014), Altsächsisches Wörterbuch, 5th ed., online, koeblergerhard.de/wikiling, p. s.v. ėndi
13. ^ a b Oudnederlands Woordenboek (2009–), Instituut voor de Nederlandse Taal, Leiden; gtb.ivdnt.org, p. s.v. endi
14. ^ a b Köbler, Gerhard (2014), Altenglisches Wörterbuch, 4th ed., online, koeblergerhard.de/wikiling, p. s.v. ėnde
15. ^ a b Hofmann, Dietrich; Popkema, Anne Tjerk (2008), Altfriesisches Handwörterbuch, Heidelberg: Carl Winter, p. s.v. ende
16. ^ Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org, p. s.v. *andijalaus