*stikkō

Reconstruction

Wiktionary reconstructs *stikkō for Proto-West Germanic.^[1]

Etymology

It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *stikkô (“stick, pole”),^[1] which Köbler sets up as a weak masculine *stikkō-, *stikkōn, beside *stekkō-, *stekkōn.^[2] Kroonen traces Old English sticca (“stick, peg”) to *stikkan-, which he mentions beside the weak verb *stik(k)ōn- "to stick".^[3] Wiktionary takes the Proto-Germanic noun for a deverbal formation from Proto-Germanic *stikkōną.^[4]

Morphology

A weak masculine noun, an n-stem.^[5][6][7] Kroonen explains the variation of the root found throughout the West Germanic dialects from the paradigm of the verb, third singular *stikkōþi, third plural *stikunanþi.^[3]

Evidence

The noun is found in Old English sticca,^[5] in Old Saxon stekko in the Petersburg glosses,^[8] in stikko in the Werden urbarium of 1150,^[6] and in Old High German stekko, recorded in glosses from 790.^[7] ONW lists an Old Dutch *stekko, taken from the French etymological dictionary FEW, beside Old French estache "stake".^[9]

Competing analyses

The daughters have both i and e in the root: Köbler sets up Proto-Germanic forms with both vowels,^[2] and Wiktionary lists a Proto-West Germanic variant *stekkō beside *stikkō.^[4] Kroonen accounts for the variation through the paradigm of the verb *stik(k)ōn-.^[3]

Meanings

1. stick, pole^[1]

Old English also used the word for "pointer" and "spoon",^[5] Old Saxon for "hook" and "spike",^[6][8] and Old High German for "stake, peg, spike".^[7]

Reflexes

• Old English: sticca (“stick, peg, pointer, spoon”)^[5]
• Old Saxon: stekko (“stake, stick, spike”),^[8] stikko (“hook, stick”)^[6]
• Old High German: stekko (“stick, staff, stake, peg, spike”)^[7]

References

1. ^ a b c Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org, p. s.v. *stikkō
2. ^ a b Köbler, Gerhard (2014), Germanisches Wörterbuch, 5th ed., online, koeblergerhard.de/wikiling, p. s.v. *stekkō-
3. ^ a b c Kroonen, Guus (2013), Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 11, Leiden / Boston: Brill, p. 479–480
4. ^ a b Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org, p. s.v. *stikkô
5. ^ a b c d Köbler, Gerhard (2014), Altenglisches Wörterbuch, 4th ed., online, koeblergerhard.de/wikiling, p. s.v. sticca
6. ^ a b c d Köbler, Gerhard (2014), Altsächsisches Wörterbuch, 5th ed., online, koeblergerhard.de/wikiling, p. s.v. stikko
7. ^ a b c d Köbler, Gerhard (2014), Althochdeutsches Wörterbuch, 6th ed., online, koeblergerhard.de/wikiling, p. s.v. stekko
8. ^ a b c Tiefenbach, Heinrich (2010), Altsächsisches Handwörterbuch / A Concise Old Saxon Dictionary, Berlin / New York: De Gruyter, p. s.v. stekko
9. ^ Oudnederlands Woordenboek (2009–), Instituut voor de Nederlandse Taal, Leiden; gtb.ivdnt.org, p. s.v. stekko