removoir

Forms

removoir (present participle removant; past participle remeü; first-person singular present remuef)^[1]

• remuevre, remouvoir^[2][3]

Chrétien de Troyes has the infinitive removoir and the forms remuet, remut and remeüst.^[4]

Etymology

It is inherited from Latin removeō (“to move back, take away”),^[1][3] formed in Latin from re- and moveō (“to move”).^[5][1] Tobler–Lommatzsch refers to the simple verb movoir.^[2] The DEAF gives the same etymon.^[6]

Earliest recorded meaning

The first record is in the Chanson de Roland, about 1100, in an Anglo-Norman manuscript of about 1125, where the form remut occurs once.^[7][8] The earliest record the DEAF gives is Anglo-Norman, the Comput of Philippe de Thaon, dated 1119 or perhaps 1113.^[6][9]

Semantic evolution

In Chrétien de Troyes the verb is mostly reflexive, for a person or a horse that does not stir, as in Yvain: Mes ainz por ce ne se remut “but for all that he did not move”; it also means leaving a place, as in Aprés mangier ne se remut Li rois d'antre ses conpaignons “after the meal the king did not leave his companions”.^[4] Transitively it meant to move something from its place and to remove or take away a person or thing;^[2] Tobler–Lommatzsch also has removoir le sanc for stirring the blood.^[2] Greimas adds the senses of going away and of drawing back.^[10]

The form remouvoir is recorded from the 13th century and ran on, according to the FEW, from Palsgrave in 1530 to Oudin in 1660.^[3] In Middle French the verb still meant to set a person or thing apart from something.^[11]

Timeline

• c. 1100 – remut in the Chanson de Roland.^[7][8]
• 1113 or 1119 – in the Comput of Philippe de Thaon, an Anglo-Norman text.^[6][9]
• c. 1170 – in Chrétien de Troyes's Erec et Enide.^[4]
• c. 1177 – removoir and remut in Chrétien's Yvain.^[12][4]
• 13th century – the form remouvoir.^[3]

Meanings

Verb

1. to move or stir something from its place.^[4][2]
2. to remove, set aside or take away a person or thing.^[13][10][3]
3. (reflexive) to move, stir.^[4][10]
4. (reflexive) to go away, depart from a place.^[4][10]
5. (intransitive) to start moving; to draw back, retreat.^[14][10]

Anglo-Norman

The AND heads the word remuver.^[4] The earliest record the DEAF gives is the Anglo-Norman Comput of Philippe de Thaon.^[6] Wiktionary lists the Anglo-Norman forms remover and removeir.^[1] The MED derives the Middle English verb remeven from removoir, remuevre and remouvoir, compared with the Latin verb,^[15] the source of the English word remove.^[16]

Descendants

• Middle French remouvoir (→ French remouvoir)^[11][1]
• Middle English remeven (borrowed; → English remove)^[15][16]

Related words

• movoir

Usage notes

Tobler–Lommatzsch, Godefroy and the DÉCT head the word removoir,^[4] the AND remuver and the DMF remouvoir.^[11]

References

1. ^ a b c d e Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e Tobler, Adolf; Lommatzsch, Erhard (1925–2002), Altfranzösisches Wörterbuch, 11 vols., Berlin / Wiesbaden / Stuttgart: Weidmann / Steiner, p. 8:750
3. ^ a b c d e Wartburg, Walther von, et al. (1922–2002), Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, 25 vols., Bonn / Leipzig / Basel: Klopp / Teubner / Zbinden, p. 10:245
4. ^ a b c d e f g h i Dictionnaire électronique de Chrétien de Troyes (DÉCT), LFA / Université d'Ottawa – ATILF, CNRS / Université de Lorraine (2014), p. s.v. removoir
5. ^ Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
6. ^ a b c d Baldinger, Kurt; Möhren, Frankwalt; Städtler, Thomas, eds. (1971–2021), Dictionnaire étymologique de l'ancien français (DEAF), Heidelberg: Heidelberger Akademie der Wissenschaften; DEAFél / DEAFpré, deaf-server.adw.uni-heidelberg.de, p. s.v. removoir
7. ^ a b Möhren, Frankwalt, Dictionnaire étymologique de l'ancien français (DEAF): Complément bibliographique, electronic version (DEAFBiblEl), Heidelberger Akademie der Wissenschaften, alma.hadw-bw.de/deafbibl (texts by siglum, with their dates), p. RolS
8. ^ a b UD Old French PROFITEROLE and UD Middle French PROFITEROLE treebanks, Universal Dependencies (from the SRCMF and the Base de français médiéval; texts by DEAF siglum), p. RolS
9. ^ a b Möhren, Frankwalt, Dictionnaire étymologique de l'ancien français (DEAF): Complément bibliographique, electronic version (DEAFBiblEl), Heidelberger Akademie der Wissenschaften, alma.hadw-bw.de/deafbibl (texts by siglum, with their dates), p. PhThCompS
10. ^ a b c d e Greimas, Algirdas Julien (1979), Dictionnaire de l'ancien français jusqu'au milieu du XIVe siècle, 2nd ed., Paris: Larousse (printing of 1988), p. s.v. removoir
11. ^ a b c Dictionnaire du Moyen Français, version 2015 (DMF 2015), ATILF – CNRS & Université de Lorraine, atilf.fr/dmf, p. s.v. remouvoir
12. ^ UD Old French PROFITEROLE and UD Middle French PROFITEROLE treebanks, Universal Dependencies (from the SRCMF and the Base de français médiéval; texts by DEAF siglum), p. YvainF
13. ^ Tobler, Adolf; Lommatzsch, Erhard (1925–2002), Altfranzösisches Wörterbuch, 11 vols., Berlin / Wiesbaden / Stuttgart: Weidmann / Steiner, p. 8:751
14. ^ Tobler, Adolf; Lommatzsch, Erhard (1925–2002), Altfranzösisches Wörterbuch, 11 vols., Berlin / Wiesbaden / Stuttgart: Weidmann / Steiner, p. 8:752
15. ^ a b Kurath, Hans; Kuhn, Sherman M.; Lewis, Robert E., eds. (1952–2001), Middle English Dictionary, Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press; online edition ed. Frances McSparran et al. (2000–2018)
16. ^ a b Harper, Douglas. Online Etymology Dictionary, https://www.etymonline.com