French words first recorded in the 14th century

It is formed from French nombre + -eux, after Latin numerōsus (“numerous; rhythmical”), from numerus (“number”), the source of nombre. Compare Old Occitan numeros.

It is a compound from French si + non, joining the construction Old French se… nun “except”, in which other words stood between the two parts. “Se” was the usual Old French form of the conjunction…

It is a deverbal noun from French visiter (“to visit”). “Visiter” (1130) was borrowed from Latin visitō (“to go to see; to visit”), and in the Middle Ages was used above all in religious and legal…

It is from French heureux + -ment, formed on the feminine form.

The origin is unknown. A link with the stem of Occitan caminar (“to travel”) (see chemin) is difficult in its form, and so is one with Late Latin chamulcus (“low wagon”), from Ancient Greek…

It is from French dos + -ier. dos continues Vulgar Latin *dossum, from classical dorsum (“back”). Littré compares Medieval Latin dorsārium. The sense “file of papers” is named from the back of the…

It is borrowed from Latin mīlitāris (“of war, of soldiers; military”), from mīles (“soldier”) (see milice).

It is formed from French toile + -ette, “little cloth”, from Latin tēla (“web, cloth”). Littré explains the later senses after Laborde: the cloth that held a woman's dressing articles was spread on…

It is a figurative use of Old French tromper (“to sound the horn”) (about 1195; 1217 “to announce by trumpet”), derived from trompe (“horn, trumpet”). The transitive sense comes from the old…

It is borrowed from Latin inaugurō (“to take the auguries; to consecrate (a priest, a place) after taking the auguries”), from in- and augurō (“to foretell”), a derivative of augur (“augur”). French…

It is borrowed from Latin interrogō (“to ask; to question; to bring to trial”), which first meant “to ask the opinions of several people”, then “to question one person”, with legal and philosophical…

It is borrowed from Latin praeferō (“to carry in front; to show; to prefer”), formed from prae- (“before”) and ferō (“to carry”). French took over only the sense “to consider better”. Littré noted…

The origin is unknown. Its earliest sense, “a chuck under the chin”, suggests a development from a blow to a mocking gesture, a mocking word and finally a nickname; Bloch and Wartburg compare…

It is borrowed from Latin sociālis (“of allies; made for society, sociable”), derived from socius (“companion, ally”). It was borrowed several times with different senses of the Latin word. The same…

It is derived from intérêt after the model of Latin interesse (“to be between; to differ; to concern, matter”). The noun “intérêt” is itself a legal term taken from the Latin “interest” “it…

It is borrowed from Latin invītō (“to invite, especially to a meal; to encourage”). Rey says the Latin word is of unknown origin; it has been compared with invītus (“unwilling”) and a “*vītus”…

It is a reshaping (1357), after fier “to trust”, of the older confider (about 1300 to the late 16th century), borrowed from Latin cōnfīdō (“to trust, have confidence in”), from con- and fīdō (“to…

It is the masculine form of Old French billette (“letter; safe-conduct”) (1389). “Billette” is usually explained as an alteration, after bille, of Old French bullette (“seal; certificate”) (1299…

It is borrowed from Latin admīror (“to wonder at, admire”), first adapted as “amirer”; the ⟨d⟩ was restored in the 16th century. The Latin verb is formed from ad- (“to, at”) and mīror (“to wonder”)…

It is the feminine past participle of armer used as a noun, short for “troupe armée”. Wiktionary traces it through Anglo-Norman, where it is earlier, to Medieval Latin armāta (“armed force”), the…

It is a reshaping, after the participle cheüe, of Old French cheoite (“a fall”), the feminine past participle of choir “to fall” used as a noun, inherited from Vulgar Latin *cadecta, a popular…

It is from French de + avantage, written as one word. avantage is formed from avant, which continues Late Latin abante (“before”). Bloch and Wartburg explain that it came in to replace plus at a…

It is borrowed from Latin differēns (“differing”), the present participle of differō (“to carry apart; to differ”) (whence différer), from dis- and ferō (“to carry”). The noun différend “dispute” is…

It is borrowed from Latin immēnsus (“boundless, infinite”), formed from the negative prefix in- and mēnsus (“measured”), the past participle of mētior (“to measure”), a verb belonging with an…

It is from French vois + ci (“here”), “vois” being the second person singular imperative of voir (“to see”): literally “see here”. The Grand Robert allows that “vois” may be a bare verb stem taken…

It is from French gêne + -er. The noun gêne is a Renaissance remaking (1538) of gehenne (1390), itself Old French gehine (“torture to extract a confession”) (about 1200) altered under the influence…

It is a remaking (1364), after possession and possesseur, of Old and Middle French possider (“to have possession of”), itself borrowed from Latin possideō (“to occupy as one's own; to possess”)…

It is probably borrowed from Middle Dutch bolwerc (“bulwark, bastion”) rather than the corresponding Middle High German bolwërc, though it may have come by both routes; the early records are from…

It is borrowed from Late Latin habitūdō (“physical appearance; condition; relation”), from “habitum”, the supine of Latin habeō (“to have; to be in a certain state”). The TLFi and the FEW think the…

The noun is the adjective “instant” used as a noun, formed in French; the adjective is borrowed from Latin īnstāns (“present; pressing, imminent”), the present participle of īnstō (“to stand upon…

It is from French é- + value + -er, from value (“value, price”) (12th–17th century), the feminine past participle of valoir used as a noun. It replaced the older avaluer (1283), formed with a- and…

It is a contraction of contrerole, formed from contre and rôle in its old legal sense “register”, a double register kept to check another; the word replaced Medieval Latin contrārotulus (1242). The…

It is a diminutive formed on Middle French pacque (“bale (of cloth)”), with the suffix -et. The base word is borrowed from Middle Dutch pac (“bundle, bale”), recorded in a Medieval Latin text of…

It is a back-formation from French passer, which is from Vulgar Latin *passāre, from passus (“step, pace”). The slang sense “a prostitute's brief encounter with a client” is compared by the TLFi…

It is from French étrange + -ier, the suffix reduced to “-er” after a palatal consonant. étrange continues Latin extrāneus (“external, foreign”); until the 17th century “étrange” itself meant…

It is a back-formation from avancer. “Avancer” goes back to Vulgar Latin *abantiare, from Late Latin abante (“in front”) (see avant). Compare Old Occitan avansa.

It is borrowed from Italian brigata (“troop, band”), which named a military company in the 13th century and a team of workers in the 14th. The Italian word comes from briga (“strife; company”)…

It is borrowed from Medieval Latin coincidere (“to fall together at one point”) (13th century), a scholastic Latin compound of com- and incidō (“to fall into, happen”).

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek δημοκρατία (dēmokratía, “rule of the people”), through the Latin translations of Aristotle (Late Latin dēmocratia). The Greek word is formed from δῆμος (dêmos…

It is borrowed from Middle English dogge (“dog”), from Old English docga (10th century). The English word seems first to have named a particular breed of English dog, the general word being hound…

It is borrowed from Latin ēvocō (“to call out, summon”), formed from ex- and vocō (“to call”), a derivative of vōx (“voice”). In Latin the verb was used in the army for calling up troops.

It is borrowed from Medieval Latin illēgālis (1269), formed from in- (“not”) and Latin lēgālis (“relating to the laws”), from lēx (“law”). It may also be analysed as il- + légal.

It is borrowed from Latin immōbilis (“motionless; immovable, steadfast”), from in- (“not”) and mōbilis (“movable”) (see mobile), from moveō (“to move”). Jean de Meun (about 1265) already has a noun…

It is formed from French in- + connu, the past participle of connaître, after Latin incognitus (“unexamined, unknown”). “Connaître” goes back to Latin cognōscō (“to get to know”). Compare Old…

It is borrowed from Latin modestus (“moderate; calm; decent; reserved”), from modus (“measure”), the source of mode “manner”. The adverb “modestement” and “modestie” are recorded a little earlier…

It is borrowed from Medieval Latin obiectum (“thing that affects the senses”), a scholastic term, literally “what is placed before”, the neuter past participle used as a noun of Latin obiciō (“to…

It is a back-formation from French planter, which is from Latin plantō (“to plant”). It is a doublet of plan “plan, map”, which Bloch and Wartburg explain as the same word, confused in writing with…

It is formed from French probable + -ment. probable (1285, ⟨proubable⟩) is borrowed from Latin probābilis (“plausible; commendable”), from probō (“to test; to make credible; to approve”), itself…

It is borrowed from Latin prōtegō (“to cover in front; to shelter; to protect”), from prō- (“in front”) and tegō (“to cover; to shelter”) (see toit). protection (12th century) and protecteur (1234)…

It is borrowed from Latin resūmō (“to take up again, resume”), from the iterative re- and sūmō (“to take”), itself from “*sus-emere”, a compound of Latin emō (“to take; to buy”) (see exempt)…

It is borrowed from Late Latin sēnsātiō (“understanding”) (Irenaeus), formed on “sensum”, the supine of Latin sentiō (“to feel, perceive”) (see sentir and sens). Bloch and Wartburg note that it was…

It is borrowed from Medieval Latin sēriōsus (“serious”), from classical sērius (“grave, earnest”), used of things (“verba sēria”). In Latin “sērium” “a serious matter” was opposed to iocus (“jest”)…

It is borrowed from Medieval Latin tōtālis, recorded from the 12th century in England, derived from Latin tōtus (“whole, entire”), the source of tout. The adverb tōtāliter is attested as early as…

It is borrowed from Latin ūnifōrmis (“simple, of one form”), a word of the imperial period, compounded of Latin ūnus (“one”) (see un) and Latin fōrma (“form”) (see forme). “Uniformité” was borrowed…

It is borrowed from Latin assistō (“to stand by; to be present; to help”), a form of adsistō, from ad- and sistō (“to stand”), a reduplicated form of stō (“to stand”). It was first used in the…

It is a compound from French celui + -ci, formed in the 14th century (1372) with the adverbial particle of ici; celui-là followed in the 15th century, or in the 13th according to the Petit Robert…

It is borrowed from Latin fibra (“fibre (of plants and animals); lobe of the liver; entrails”), which in the augurs' language meant a division of the liver, and by extension the entrails and…

It is borrowed from Latin furiōsus (“raving, mad, frenzied”), formed on furia (“rage, frenzy”), whence furie. Wiktionary gives it through Old French furieus. Littré compares Old Occitan furios…

It is borrowed from Latin hērōs (“demigod; man of great valour”), from Ancient Greek ἥρως (hḗrōs). The Greek word first meant “chief”, the title of the leaders at Troy such as Odysseus and…

It is borrowed from Latin līmes (“path bordering a property; boundary, frontier”). The Latin noun has no known etymology; it is tentatively compared with līmen (“threshold”). Littré connected it…