transplantation

Forms

transplantation f (plural transplantations)^[1]

Etymology

It is formed from French transplanter + -ation.^{[2][3][4][5][1]} The verb transplanter was borrowed from Late Latin trānsplantō, from plantō.^[6] Littré compares Occitan transplantacio and Italian traspiantazione.^[7]

Earliest recorded meaning

It is first recorded in 1556, in R. Le Blanc's translation of Cardano, for the act of transplanting plants.^[2][5]

Semantic evolution

Like the verb, it took the figurative sense of moving people or animals from their native place to another, first in Madame de Sévigné (1680).^[2][8] In the 17th century it competed with transplantement (1600), which it has replaced.^[6][8][4] Littré also records a sense from Paracelsus: a supposed way of curing a disease by passing it into another animal or a plant.^[7]

The medical sense, the transfer of an organ from a donor to a recipient, is dated to 1898 by the TLFi and the DHLF (a paper by Ollier on skin grafts), to 1864 by the Petit Robert and to 1909 by the GLLF.^[2][8][4][5]

Timeline

• 1556 – R. Le Blanc uses it of plants.^[2][5][6]
• 1600 – The competing form transplantement is recorded.^[8][4]
• 1680 – Madame de Sévigné uses it of moving people.^[2][8]
• 1768 – Used of settling in another place.^[9][4]
• 1898 – Ollier uses it in biology, for the grafting of tissue.^[2][8]

Meanings

Noun

1. The transplanting of a plant or tree from one place to another: La transplantation des jeunes chênes est délicate.^[4][2][10]
2. (medicine) The transplantation of a whole organ from a donor to a recipient, with its blood vessels reconnected: transplantation cardiaque, rénale: Il attend une transplantation hépatique.^[4][2][10]
3. (biology) The implanting of an embryo in a uterus to develop.^[4][11]
4. (figurative) The moving of people or animals from their place of origin to another, or the act of settling elsewhere.^[4][2][10]

Related words

• transplanter
• transplant
• transplantement
• planter

References

1. ^ a b Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Trésor de la langue française informatisé (2004), ATILF – CNRS & Université de Lorraine, atilf.fr/tlfi; electronic version of Imbs, Paul; Quemada, Bernard, eds. (1971–1994), Trésor de la langue française, Paris: CNRS / Gallimard
3. ^ Rey, Alain, ed. (2005), Le Grand Robert de la langue française, electronic version, Paris: Le Robert
4. ^ a b c d e f g h i Rey-Debove, Josette; Rey, Alain, eds. (2007), Le Petit Robert de la langue française, Paris: Le Robert
5. ^ a b c d Guilbert, Louis; Lagane, René; Niobey, Georges, eds. (1971–1978; 1989), Grand Larousse de la langue française, Paris: Larousse
6. ^ a b c Bloch, Oscar; Wartburg, Walther von (1989), Dictionnaire étymologique de la langue française, 8th ed., Paris: Presses universitaires de France
7. ^ a b Littré, Émile (1873–1877), Dictionnaire de la langue française, 4 vols. and supplement, Paris: Hachette
8. ^ a b c d e f Rey, Alain, ed. (1992), Dictionnaire historique de la langue française, Paris: Le Robert
9. ^ Quemada, Bernard, ed. (1959–2006), Datations et documents lexicographiques (Base historique du vocabulaire français, BHVF), Paris: Klincksieck / CNRS / Champion; ATILF
10. ^ a b c Dictionnaire de français Larousse, larousse.fr/dictionnaires/francais (accessed 2024)
11. ^ Dictionnaire Le Robert en ligne, dictionnaire.lerobert.com (accessed 2024)