psychanalyse

Forms

psychanalyse f (uncountable)^[1] Earlier psycho-analyse (1896) and psychoanalyse (1906); psychanalyse is recorded from 1909.^[2][3][4]

Etymology

It is borrowed from German Psychoanalyse, coined by the Austrian psychiatrist Sigmund Freud from the German elements corresponding to French psycho- and analyse;^[2][3][5] the TLFi treats it as Freud's compound of the two French elements.^[4] The word first appeared in 1896 in an article Freud published in French, and in the same year in an article in German; in 1894 he still spoke of psychic, psychological or hypnotic analysis.^[4][2] The hyphenated French form of 1896 was then contracted to the present one (1909).^[2][6]

Earliest recorded meaning

As psycho-analyse it is first recorded in 1896, in Freud's article in the Revue neurologique, for the method of investigating deep psychic processes; the form psychanalyse appears in 1909 in an article by A. Maeder.^[4][7]

Semantic evolution

The word names the clinical method devised by Freud, based on the investigation of unconscious mental processes, and the body of theory built on it.^[4][2][5] Guillaume Apollinaire used psycho-analyse in 1911–1912, having heard of it from Blaise Cendrars on his return from Germany.^[2]

By metonymy it came to mean the treatment of mental and psychosomatic disorders by this method (1922),^[4][2] and the psychoanalytic study of a work of art or of a theme (1921, Piaget),^[4][2] as in Bachelard's La Psychanalyse du feu (1938).^[5][8] The derivatives psychanalytique (1909), psychanalyste (1912) and psychanalyser (1926) followed,^[2] and in speech all of them are often replaced by the simple analyse, analyste and analyser.^[2]

Timeline

• 1894 – Freud still writes of psychic, psychological or hypnotic analysis.^[4][2]
• 1896 – Psycho-analyse appears in Freud's article in the Revue neurologique.^[4][2][3]
• 1906 – The form psychoanalyse is recorded.^[2][3]
• 1909 – Psychanalyse appears in an article by A. Maeder, with the adjective psychanalytique.^[4][2]
• 1912 – Psychanalyste replaces psycho-analyste.^[2]
• 1921 – Piaget uses it for the psychoanalytic study of a work or theme.^[4][2]
• 1922 – Used for the treatment itself, in a translation of Freud.^[4][2]
• 1926 – The verb psychanalyser is recorded.^[2]

Meanings

Noun

1. The method of clinical psychology devised by Freud, based on the investigation of unconscious mental processes, and the theories built on it.^[5][4]
2. A course of treatment by this method: elle a entrepris une psychanalyse.^[5][4]
3. A psychoanalytic study of a work of art, a text or a theme.^[5][4]

Word family

• psychanalyste
• psychanalytique
• psychanalyser

Related words

• analyse
• psycho-
• German Psychoanalyse
• English psychoanalysis

References

1. ^ a b Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r Rey, Alain, ed. (1992), Dictionnaire historique de la langue française, Paris: Le Robert
3. ^ a b c d Rey, Alain, ed. (2005), Le Grand Robert de la langue française, electronic version, Paris: Le Robert
4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Trésor de la langue française informatisé (2004), ATILF – CNRS & Université de Lorraine, atilf.fr/tlfi; electronic version of Imbs, Paul; Quemada, Bernard, eds. (1971–1994), Trésor de la langue française, Paris: CNRS / Gallimard
5. ^ a b c d e f Rey-Debove, Josette; Rey, Alain, eds. (2007), Le Petit Robert de la langue française, Paris: Le Robert
6. ^ Wartburg, Walther von, et al. (1922–2002), Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, 25 vols., Bonn / Leipzig / Basel: Klopp / Teubner / Zbinden, p. 9, 502a
7. ^ Quemada, Bernard, ed. (1959–2006), Datations et documents lexicographiques (Base historique du vocabulaire français, BHVF), Paris: Klincksieck / CNRS / Champion; ATILF
8. ^ Guilbert, Louis; Lagane, René; Niobey, Georges, eds. (1971–1978; 1989), Grand Larousse de la langue française, Paris: Larousse