protectionniste

Forms

protectionniste (plural protectionnistes)^[1]

Etymology

It is formed from French protectionnisme + -iste, the suffix taking the place of -isme.^[2][3][4][5] Wiktionary instead derives it straight from protection.^[1] The name of the doctrine is itself recorded from 1845 (Bescherelle), formed from the same noun.^[2]

The TLFi compares the economic term protectionist of English, which the NED records as a noun in 1844 and as an adjective in 1846.^[2] Etymonline, however, dates the English noun to 1841 and derives it from the French word.^[6]

Earliest recorded meaning

Bescherelle records it in 1845 as a noun of political economy, for a supporter of protectionism.^[2][3][4]

Semantic evolution

The adjective followed in 1852, in Michel Chevalier's l'école protectioniste (spelt with one ⟨n⟩).^[2] In 1856 it was used more loosely for “protective”, of societies for the protection of animals.^[2] The GLLF dates the adjective sense “relating to protectionism” from the Larousse of 1875.^[4] It is the opposite of libre-échangiste.^[5][4]

Timeline

• 1841 – Etymonline's date for English protectionist, which it takes from French.^[6]
• 1845 – Bescherelle records the noun.^[2][3]
• 1852 – Michel Chevalier uses it as an adjective.^[2]
• 1856 – Used for “protective” in sociétés protectionnistes, of animal welfare.^[2]
• 1875 – The Larousse records the adjective “relating to protectionism”.^[4]

Meanings

Adjective

1. Relating to protectionism: des mesures protectionnistes.^[5][2][4]
2. In favour of protectionism.^[2][4]
3. (by analogy) protective.^[2]

Noun

1. A supporter of protectionism, as opposed to a libre-échangiste.^[5][4][7]

Related words

• protectionnisme
• protection

References

1. ^ a b c Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Trésor de la langue française informatisé (2004), ATILF – CNRS & Université de Lorraine, atilf.fr/tlfi; electronic version of Imbs, Paul; Quemada, Bernard, eds. (1971–1994), Trésor de la langue française, Paris: CNRS / Gallimard
3. ^ a b c Rey, Alain, ed. (2005), Le Grand Robert de la langue française, electronic version, Paris: Le Robert
4. ^ a b c d e f g h Guilbert, Louis; Lagane, René; Niobey, Georges, eds. (1971–1978; 1989), Grand Larousse de la langue française, Paris: Larousse
5. ^ a b c d Rey-Debove, Josette; Rey, Alain, eds. (2007), Le Petit Robert de la langue française, Paris: Le Robert
6. ^ a b Harper, Douglas. Online Etymology Dictionary, https://www.etymonline.com
7. ^ Littré, Émile (1873–1877), Dictionnaire de la langue française, 4 vols. and supplement, Paris: Hachette