patriotique

Forms

patriotique (plural patriotiques)^[1]

Etymology

It is formed from French patriote + -ique.^[2][1][3][4]

The base noun is from Late Latin patriōta (“fellow countryman”), which is from Ancient Greek πατριώτης (patriṓtēs, “of the same country”).^[2][1][3] Its modern sense, a person who loves their country, became usual in the 18th century, probably under the influence of the English word patriot.^[3][2]

Earliest recorded meaning

It is first found in 1532 in Rabelais's Pantagruel, in the Latin-laden jargon of the Limousin student, where Pénates et Larez patrioticques means “paternal” household gods; the word was not used again in that sense.^[2][4][5]

Semantic evolution

The modern sense, “expressing or inspired by love of one's country”, appears in the middle of the 18th century: in Canada in 1748, according to Rey, and in France in d'Argenson in 1750 and in Montesquieu's letters in 1753.^[6][2][3] Patriotisme was formed at the same time (1749).^[6]

During the Revolution a don patriotique was a gift made to the nation,^[7] and the adverb patriotiquement is recorded from 1790.^[2][6]

Timeline

• 1532 – Rabelais uses patrioticques for “paternal”.^[2][4]
• 1748 – The modern sense is recorded in Canada.^[6]
• 1750 – D'Argenson uses it for “inspired by love of one's country”.^[2][3]
• 1753 – Montesquieu uses it in his correspondence.^[2]
• 1790 – The adverb patriotiquement appears.^[2][6]
• 1798 – Patriotiquement is in the Académie's dictionary.^[2]

Meanings

Adjective

1. Expressing, or inspired by, love of one's country, patriotic: un discours patriotique, des chants patriotiques.^{[8][9][10][2]}
2. (history) Given or done for the nation during the French Revolution, as in don patriotique “gift to the nation”.^[7]

Word family

• patriotiquement
• antipatriotique

Related words

• patriote
• patriotisme
• patrie
• compatriote

References

1. ^ a b c d Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Trésor de la langue française informatisé (2004), ATILF – CNRS & Université de Lorraine, atilf.fr/tlfi; electronic version of Imbs, Paul; Quemada, Bernard, eds. (1971–1994), Trésor de la langue française, Paris: CNRS / Gallimard
3. ^ a b c d e Bloch, Oscar; Wartburg, Walther von (1989), Dictionnaire étymologique de la langue française, 8th ed., Paris: Presses universitaires de France
4. ^ a b c Rey, Alain, ed. (2005), Le Grand Robert de la langue française, electronic version, Paris: Le Robert
5. ^ Guilbert, Louis; Lagane, René; Niobey, Georges, eds. (1971–1978; 1989), Grand Larousse de la langue française, Paris: Larousse
6. ^ a b c d e Rey, Alain, ed. (1992), Dictionnaire historique de la langue française, Paris: Le Robert
7. ^ a b Littré, Émile (1873–1877), Dictionnaire de la langue française, 4 vols. and supplement, Paris: Hachette
8. ^ Rey-Debove, Josette; Rey, Alain, eds. (2007), Le Petit Robert de la langue française, Paris: Le Robert
9. ^ Dictionnaire Le Robert en ligne, dictionnaire.lerobert.com (accessed 2024)
10. ^ Dictionnaire de français Larousse, larousse.fr/dictionnaires/francais (accessed 2024)