Etymologically
Log in

panache

This is the current revision of this entry, as edited by bogdan on 17 October 2026 at 17:47. This address is a permanent link to this version.
Changes in this edit History

Pronunciation

  • IPA: /pa.naʃ/[1]

Forms

panache m (plural panaches)[1] Pennache (about 1524, still used in the 17th century), pannache (1527), panache (1546).[2][3][4]

Etymology

It is borrowed from Italian pennacchio (“plume on a helmet”) (14th century),[2][3][5][6][1][7] from Christian Latin Late Latin pinnāculum (“pinnacle”),[2][3][1] itself from Latin pinna (“feather, wing”).[8] Bloch and Wartburg derive the Italian directly from penna (“feather”).[5][9] The change of “pen-” to “pan-” came by analogy with many words of related meaning beginning with “pan-”.[2][3] It is a doublet of pinacle.[1]

Compare Spanish penacho.[10][9]

Earliest recorded meaning

A poem attributed to Jean Lemaire de Belges (about 1524) has pennache for a bunch of feathers, and Ronsard (1551) for the plume of a helmet.[2][3]

Semantic evolution

The feather plume of the 16th-century soldier, like Henri IV's famous white plume, gave rise to many senses based on shape, lightness or brilliance: a bird's tail feathers (d'Aubigné, 1617), a feather-like ornament on a capital (1636), a pig's ear dish (1735), the top of a church lamp (1762).[2][3][6] In Canada it names the antlers of moose and deer (1666).[11][3]

The figurative sense, the dash and flair of a brave soldier, appears in Sainte-Beuve (1854): Villars, he writes, had panache by nature.[2][3] Avoir du panache (1880, avoir le panache)[3] and Rostand's Cyrano made it a byword for style and bravado.[6] Faire panache “to turn over” is from 1867.[3][8]

Timeline

  • c. 1524 – Pennache.[2][3]
  • 1546 – Panache (Rabelais).[2]
  • 1551 – A helmet plume (Ronsard).[2]
  • 1617 – A bird's tail (d'Aubigné).[2]
  • 1666 – Antlers, in Canadian French.[11]
  • 1854 – Figurative “flair” (Sainte-Beuve).[2][3]
  • 1880 – Avoir le panache.[3][8]

Meanings

Noun

  1. A plume of feathers, as on a helmet.[6][2]
  2. A plume of smoke; something shaped like a plume: queue en panache.[6][1]
  3. (figurative) Panache, dash and brilliant bravery: avoir du panache.[6][1]
  4. (Canada) The antlers of a moose or deer.[1][11]

Word family

  • empanacher
  • panachage
  • panacher

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Trésor de la langue française informatisé (2004), ATILF – CNRS & Université de Lorraine, atilf.fr/tlfi; electronic version of Imbs, Paul; Quemada, Bernard, eds. (1971–1994), Trésor de la langue française, Paris: CNRS / Gallimard
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Rey, Alain, ed. (1992), Dictionnaire historique de la langue française, Paris: Le Robert
  4. ^ Rey, Alain, ed. (2005), Le Grand Robert de la langue française, electronic version, Paris: Le Robert
  5. ^ a b Bloch, Oscar; Wartburg, Walther von (1989), Dictionnaire étymologique de la langue française, 8th ed., Paris: Presses universitaires de France
  6. ^ a b c d e f Rey-Debove, Josette; Rey, Alain, eds. (2007), Le Petit Robert de la langue française, Paris: Le Robert
  7. ^ Wartburg, Walther von, et al. (1922–2002), Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, 25 vols., Bonn / Leipzig / Basel: Klopp / Teubner / Zbinden, p. 8, 536b
  8. ^ a b c Guilbert, Louis; Lagane, René; Niobey, Georges, eds. (1971–1978; 1989), Grand Larousse de la langue française, Paris: Larousse
  9. ^ a b Littré, Émile (1873–1877), Dictionnaire de la langue française, 4 vols. and supplement, Paris: Hachette
  10. ^ Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1935), Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., Heidelberg: Winter
  11. ^ a b c Poirier, Claude, et al. (2024), Dictionnaire historique du français québécois, 2nd ed., Trésor de la langue française au Québec, Université Laval, dhfq.org