intestinal

Forms

intestinal (feminine intestinale, masculine plural intestinaux, feminine plural intestinales)^[1]

Etymology

It is formed from French intestin + -al.^[2][1][3][4] The noun is a borrowing of Latin intestīnum, a noun made from the adjective intestīnus (“inner”) and a translation of Ancient Greek ἔντερον (énteron).^[5]

Earliest recorded meaning

It first appears in a manuscript of Guy de Chauliac's Grande Chirurgie (1370), as a word of anatomy “of the intestine”;^[2][4] the 1495 printing of Bernard de Gordon's Pratique has hernie intestinale, an intestinal hernia.^[2]

Semantic evolution

The word has stayed close to its first sense, “of the intestine”, used both in medicine and in everyday speech (grippe intestinale).^[4][6] Ambroise Paré in the 16th century wrote of a hernia judged intestinale.^[7]

Timeline

• 1370 – First record, in Guy de Chauliac's Grande Chirurgie.^[2][3][4]
• 1495 – Hernie intestinale in the printed Pratique of Bernard de Gordon;^[2][5][8] Bloch–Wartburg and the Petit Robert date the word from here.^[2][5][8]
• 16th century – Ambroise Paré uses it of a hernia.^[7]

Meanings

Adjective

1. intestinal, of or relating to the intestines: Une infection intestinale.^[8][2][7]

Related words

• intestin
• entérique
• Latin intestīnum

Usage notes

The word is common in medical collocations such as suc intestinal, muqueuse intestinale and vers intestinaux.^[8][2]

References

1. ^ a b c Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f g h Trésor de la langue française informatisé (2004), ATILF – CNRS & Université de Lorraine, atilf.fr/tlfi; electronic version of Imbs, Paul; Quemada, Bernard, eds. (1971–1994), Trésor de la langue française, Paris: CNRS / Gallimard
3. ^ a b Rey, Alain, ed. (2005), Le Grand Robert de la langue française, electronic version, Paris: Le Robert
4. ^ a b c d Rey, Alain, ed. (1992), Dictionnaire historique de la langue française, Paris: Le Robert
5. ^ a b c Bloch, Oscar; Wartburg, Walther von (1989), Dictionnaire étymologique de la langue française, 8th ed., Paris: Presses universitaires de France
6. ^ Guilbert, Louis; Lagane, René; Niobey, Georges, eds. (1971–1978; 1989), Grand Larousse de la langue française, Paris: Larousse
7. ^ a b c Littré, Émile (1873–1877), Dictionnaire de la langue française, 4 vols. and supplement, Paris: Hachette
8. ^ a b c d Rey-Debove, Josette; Rey, Alain, eds. (2007), Le Petit Robert de la langue française, Paris: Le Robert