hydrate

Forms

hydrate m (plural hydrates)^[1] First spelled hidrate (1802).^[2][3]

Etymology

It is a learned formation from French hydr- + -ate,^[3][4][1] on Ancient Greek ὕδωρ (húdōr, “water”).^[2][5][6] Etymonline credits the word to the chemist Joseph-Louis Proust, about 1800.^[7]

Earliest recorded meaning

It is first recorded in 1802, spelled hidrate, in the Annales du Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, for what was later called a hydroxide.^[2][4][8]

Semantic evolution

The name hydroxyde replaced it in that sense from 1842.^[8] From 1845 it was used for a compound of a simple or compound body with one or more molecules of water,^[2][8] and in 1872 it entered the phrase hydrate de carbone for organic compounds of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, now called glucides.^[2][8][9] The verb hydrater, first as the participle hydraté (1805), was formed from it.^[8] English hydrate was taken from French in 1802.^[7]

Timeline

• 1802 – Hidrate appears in the Annales du Muséum.^[2]
• 1805 – The participle hydraté is recorded.^[8]
• 1842 – Hydroxyde appears, taking over the first sense.^[8]
• 1845 – Used for a compound containing water.^[2]
• 1872 – Hydrate de carbone is first recorded.^[2][8]

Meanings

Noun

1. (chemistry) A compound containing one or more molecules of water.^[9][10][11]
2. (dated) Hydrate de carbone: a carbohydrate, a glucide.^[9][10][11]
3. (chemistry, obsolete) The former name of an hydroxide.^[4][2]

Word family

• hydrater
• hydratation
• hydratant

Related words

• hydroxyde
• Ancient Greek ὕδωρ (húdōr)

References

1. ^ a b c Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f g h i Trésor de la langue française informatisé (2004), ATILF – CNRS & Université de Lorraine, atilf.fr/tlfi; electronic version of Imbs, Paul; Quemada, Bernard, eds. (1971–1994), Trésor de la langue française, Paris: CNRS / Gallimard
3. ^ a b Rey, Alain, ed. (2005), Le Grand Robert de la langue française, electronic version, Paris: Le Robert
4. ^ a b c Guilbert, Louis; Lagane, René; Niobey, Georges, eds. (1971–1978; 1989), Grand Larousse de la langue française, Paris: Larousse
5. ^ Bloch, Oscar; Wartburg, Walther von (1989), Dictionnaire étymologique de la langue française, 8th ed., Paris: Presses universitaires de France
6. ^ Académie française (1992–2024), Dictionnaire de l'Académie française, 9th ed., Paris: Académie française / Fayard / Imprimerie nationale
7. ^ a b Harper, Douglas. Online Etymology Dictionary, https://www.etymonline.com
8. ^ a b c d e f g h Rey, Alain, ed. (1992), Dictionnaire historique de la langue française, Paris: Le Robert
9. ^ a b c Rey-Debove, Josette; Rey, Alain, eds. (2007), Le Petit Robert de la langue française, Paris: Le Robert
10. ^ a b Dictionnaire Le Robert en ligne, dictionnaire.lerobert.com (accessed 2024)
11. ^ a b Dictionnaire de français Larousse, larousse.fr/dictionnaires/francais (accessed 2024)