Etymologically
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gardien

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Pronunciation

  • IPA: /ɡaʁ.djɛ̃/[1]

Forms

gardien m (plural gardiens, feminine gardienne)[1] Old French gardenc, guardenc (12th century), gardein (about 1138), gardiain (1264).[2][3][4]

Etymology

It continues Old French gardenc, formed from the stem of garder with the suffix ⟨-enc⟩ of Germanic origin; the ending was later replaced by ⟨-ien⟩, after the many words with that ending.[2][3][5] Wiktionary compares the similarly formed Italian guardingo and notes that Medieval Latin guardianus, recorded in 1174, may have influenced the change.[1][2] The verb goes back to Frankish *wardōn (“to watch over”), compare German warten (“to wait, tend”) and English ward.[5][6]

Cognate with Old Occitan gardian, Catalan guardià, Spanish guardián and Italian guardiano.[7]

Earliest recorded meaning

Bloch and Wartburg date the form gardien to 1255; in 1264 gardiain names a person in charge of guarding a person, a place or a building.[5][2][8]

Semantic evolution

About 1270 the Couronnement de Renart uses it for the superior of a convent, a use proper to the Franciscans, as with Old Occitan gardian.[2][3] Molière (1656) has the figurative sense of a protector or keeper of something, as in gardien des traditions.[3]

Later uses include the employee in charge of public places and monuments (1865, Littré), gardien de la paix, a police officer (1872), and, in the early 20th century, gardien de but, a goalkeeper.[3][1] In North American French gardien or gardienne is also a babysitter.[1]

Timeline

  • 1174 – Medieval Latin guardianus.[2]
  • 1255 – Gardien.[5][8]
  • 1264 – Gardiain, a keeper of a place.[2]
  • c. 1270 – The superior of a Franciscan convent.[2]
  • 1656 – Molière: a protector, keeper.[3]
  • 1872 – Gardien de la paix.[3]

Meanings

Noun

  1. A guard, keeper or warden: gardien de prison, gardien de musée, gardien de nuit.[4][1]
  2. A caretaker of a building, a concierge: gardien d'immeuble.[4]
  3. A protector or guardian of something: gardien des traditions, ange gardien, guardian angel.[3][2]
  4. Gardien de la paix: a police officer, gardien de but: a goalkeeper.[1][3]
  5. The superior of a Franciscan convent.[2][3]
  6. (North America) A babysitter.[1]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Trésor de la langue française informatisé (2004), ATILF – CNRS & Université de Lorraine, atilf.fr/tlfi; electronic version of Imbs, Paul; Quemada, Bernard, eds. (1971–1994), Trésor de la langue française, Paris: CNRS / Gallimard
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Guilbert, Louis; Lagane, René; Niobey, Georges, eds. (1971–1978; 1989), Grand Larousse de la langue française, Paris: Larousse
  4. ^ a b c Rey-Debove, Josette; Rey, Alain, eds. (2007), Le Petit Robert de la langue française, Paris: Le Robert
  5. ^ a b c d Bloch, Oscar; Wartburg, Walther von (1989), Dictionnaire étymologique de la langue française, 8th ed., Paris: Presses universitaires de France
  6. ^ Wartburg, Walther von, et al. (1922–2002), Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, 25 vols., Bonn / Leipzig / Basel: Klopp / Teubner / Zbinden, p. 17, 518a
  7. ^ Littré, Émile (1873–1877), Dictionnaire de la langue française, 4 vols. and supplement, Paris: Hachette
  8. ^ a b Rey, Alain, ed. (2005), Le Grand Robert de la langue française, electronic version, Paris: Le Robert