Etymologically
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conseil

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Pronunciation

  • IPA: /kɔ̃.sɛj/[1]

Forms

conseil m (plural conseils)[1] Old French nominative consels, conseus, consaus, oblique consel.[2]

Etymology

It is inherited from Old French conseil, inherited from Latin cōnsilium (“deliberation; deliberative assembly; plan, purpose; advice”), from cōnsulō (“to deliberate, consult”) (see consulter).[3][4][5][6][7]

Cognate with Italian consiglio, Occitan conselh, Catalan consell, Spanish consejo, Portuguese conselho and Romanian consiliu.[8][9]

Earliest recorded meaning

The Vie de saint Léger (10th century) has it in the sense of advice given to someone about what to do; the Passion (late 10th century) in the sense of a well-considered plan.[3][4]

Semantic evolution

In the Chanson de Roland (about 1100) a conseil is a gathering of people who deliberate, and the deliberation itself, a sense very much alive in the names of institutions: the town council of Lille (1242), the conseil d'État (16th century), the conseil municipal (1790), the conseil général (1871) and the conseil régional (1972).[3][4] Belgium has conseils communaux, and Swiss cantons a Conseil d'État.[4]

The proverb la nuit porte conseil “sleep on it” is in Cotgrave (1611), and theology opposed the conseils évangéliques to the precepts (Furetière, 1690).[3][4] From the late 12th century the word also meant an adviser, a sense largely taken over by conseiller but kept in professions: conseil juridique, ingénieur-conseil.[3][4]

Timeline

  • c. 980 – A considered plan, Passion de Clermont.[4][10]
  • 10th century – Advice, Vie de saint Léger.[3]
  • c. 1100 – An assembly that deliberates, Chanson de Roland.[3]
  • late 12th century – An adviser.[3]
  • 1242 – A town council.[3]
  • 1611 – La nuit donne conseil, Cotgrave.[3]
  • 1790 – Conseil municipal.[4]

Meanings

Noun

  1. A piece of advice: donner un conseil, demander conseil, la nuit porte conseil.[8][1]
  2. A council, board: conseil municipal, conseil d'administration, conseil des ministres.[1][4]
  3. The meeting of such a body.[3][8]
  4. An adviser, consultant: conseil juridique, ingénieur-conseil.[4][8]

Word family

References

  1. ^ a b c d Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ Littré, Émile (1873–1877), Dictionnaire de la langue française, 4 vols. and supplement, Paris: Hachette
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Trésor de la langue française informatisé (2004), ATILF – CNRS & Université de Lorraine, atilf.fr/tlfi; electronic version of Imbs, Paul; Quemada, Bernard, eds. (1971–1994), Trésor de la langue française, Paris: CNRS / Gallimard
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Rey, Alain, ed. (1992), Dictionnaire historique de la langue française, Paris: Le Robert
  5. ^ Bloch, Oscar; Wartburg, Walther von (1989), Dictionnaire étymologique de la langue française, 8th ed., Paris: Presses universitaires de France
  6. ^ Rey, Alain, ed. (2005), Le Grand Robert de la langue française, electronic version, Paris: Le Robert
  7. ^ Wartburg, Walther von, et al. (1922–2002), Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, 25 vols., Bonn / Leipzig / Basel: Klopp / Teubner / Zbinden, p. 2, 1071a
  8. ^ a b c d Rey-Debove, Josette; Rey, Alain, eds. (2007), Le Petit Robert de la langue française, Paris: Le Robert
  9. ^ Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1935), Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., Heidelberg: Winter
  10. ^ Guilbert, Louis; Lagane, René; Niobey, Georges, eds. (1971–1978; 1989), Grand Larousse de la langue française, Paris: Larousse