conseil French · revision 16577

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=c. 980, Passion de Clermont|origins=la cōnsulō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /kɔ̃.sɛj/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''conseil''' ''m'' (plural conseils)^(Wiktionary)

+ Old French nominative ''consels'', ''conseus'', ''consaus'', oblique ''consel''.^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|fro|conseil]], [[inh|la|cōnsilium|t=deliberation; deliberative assembly; plan, purpose; advice]], from [[m|la|cōnsulō|t=to deliberate, consult]] (see [[consulter]]).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(FEW|2, 1071a)

+

+ Cognate with [[it|consiglio]], [[oc|conselh]], [[ca|consell]], [[es|consejo]], [[pt|conselho]] and [[ro|consiliu]].^(Petit Robert 2007)^(REW 1935)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The ''Vie de saint Léger'' (10th century) has it in the sense of advice given to someone about what to do; the ''Passion'' (late 10th century) in the sense of a well-considered plan.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In the ''Chanson de Roland'' (about 1100) a ''conseil'' is a gathering of people who deliberate, and the deliberation itself, a sense very much alive in the names of institutions: the town council of Lille (1242), the ''conseil d'État'' (16th century), the ''conseil municipal'' (1790), the ''conseil général'' (1871) and the ''conseil régional'' (1972).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) Belgium has ''conseils communaux'', and Swiss cantons a ''Conseil d'État''.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ The proverb ''la nuit porte conseil'' “sleep on it” is in Cotgrave (1611), and theology opposed the ''conseils évangéliques'' to the precepts (Furetière, 1690).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) From the late 12th century the word also meant an adviser, a sense largely taken over by [[conseiller]] but kept in professions: ''conseil juridique'', ''ingénieur-conseil''.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 980 – A considered plan, ''Passion de Clermont''.^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989)

+ * 10th century – Advice, ''Vie de saint Léger''.^(TLFi)

+ * c. 1100 – An assembly that deliberates, ''Chanson de Roland''.^(TLFi)

+ * late 12th century – An adviser.^(TLFi)

+ * 1242 – A town council.^(TLFi)

+ * 1611 – ''La nuit donne conseil'', Cotgrave.^(TLFi)

+ * 1790 – ''Conseil municipal''.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A piece of [[m|en|advice]]: ''donner un conseil'', ''demander conseil'', ''la nuit porte conseil''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A [[m|en|council]], board: ''conseil municipal'', ''conseil d'administration'', ''conseil des ministres''.^(Wiktionary)^(DHLF 1992)

+ # The meeting of such a body.^(TLFi)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+ # An adviser, consultant: ''conseil juridique'', ''ingénieur-conseil''.^(DHLF 1992)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[conseiller]]

+ * [[déconseiller]]

+ * [[conseilleur]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[consulter]]

+ * [[consul]]

+ * [[la|cōnsilium]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}