Etymologically
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chambellan

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Pronunciation

  • IPA: /ʃɑ̃.bɛ.lɑ̃/[1]
  • IPA: /ʃɑ̃.be.lɑ̃/[1]

Forms

chambellan m (plural chambellans)[1] Old French cambrelenc (mid-12th century), chamberlent (1150–1170), chamberlans (late 12th century), chambellanc (1221), chambellen (1285), chambellan (1559, Amyot).[2][3]

Etymology

It is borrowed from Frankish *kamarling (“officer in charge of the chamber”),[2][3][4][5] reconstructed from Old High German chamarling; the stem is Latin camera (see chambre), since the Germanic peoples seem not to have divided the house into rooms, with the Germanic suffix “-ling” for persons.[2][3][1] A borrowing made in the language of the Frankish royal court is more probable than an earlier one, before the 5th century, through the speech of slaves.[2][3] The ending was later replaced by “-an”.[4]

Compare Old Occitan camarlenc, Spanish camarlengo and Italian camarlingo; camerlingue is a doublet.[6][1]

Earliest recorded meaning

An interpolated version of the Vie de saint Alexis (mid-12th century) has cambrelenc, the officer who served the chamber of a prince.[2][3]

Semantic evolution

Villehardouin, Joinville and Froissart use it for the officers of a lord's or king's chamber, and the grand chambellan was the highest in rank, a charge restored by Napoleon.[6][7] Later it was the title of various dignitaries of royal and papal administrations.[3][8] From the stem came chambellage (Medieval Latin chamberlagium, 1370, cambrelage, 1387), the payment a vassal made to the chamberlain when doing homage, required after Philip III's ordinance of 1272.[2][3]

Timeline

  • Mid-12th century – Cambrelenc in the Vie de saint Alexis.[2]
  • 1150–1170 – Chamberlent.[2]
  • 1221 – Chambellanc.[2]
  • 1272 – Philip III's ordinance on chambellage.[2]
  • 1387 – Cambrelage.[2]
  • 1559 – Chambellan in Amyot.[2]

Meanings

Noun

  1. (history) A chamberlain (officer of a sovereign's chamber); grand chambellan: Lord Great Chamberlain.[7][9]
  2. A title of various court or papal dignitaries.[8][3]

Word family

  • chambellage
  • chambre
  • camerlingue
  • Latin camera

References

  1. ^ a b c d e Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Trésor de la langue française informatisé (2004), ATILF – CNRS & Université de Lorraine, atilf.fr/tlfi; electronic version of Imbs, Paul; Quemada, Bernard, eds. (1971–1994), Trésor de la langue française, Paris: CNRS / Gallimard
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h Rey, Alain, ed. (1992), Dictionnaire historique de la langue française, Paris: Le Robert
  4. ^ a b Bloch, Oscar; Wartburg, Walther von (1989), Dictionnaire étymologique de la langue française, 8th ed., Paris: Presses universitaires de France
  5. ^ Rey, Alain, ed. (2005), Le Grand Robert de la langue française, electronic version, Paris: Le Robert
  6. ^ a b Littré, Émile (1873–1877), Dictionnaire de la langue française, 4 vols. and supplement, Paris: Hachette
  7. ^ a b Rey-Debove, Josette; Rey, Alain, eds. (2007), Le Petit Robert de la langue française, Paris: Le Robert
  8. ^ a b Guilbert, Louis; Lagane, René; Niobey, Georges, eds. (1971–1978; 1989), Grand Larousse de la langue française, Paris: Larousse
  9. ^ Dictionnaire de français Larousse, larousse.fr/dictionnaires/francais (accessed 2024)