brusquement
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Pronunciation
- IPA: /bʁys.kə.mɑ̃/[1]
Forms
brusquement[1]
Etymology
It is formed from French brusque + -ment,[2][3][4][1][5] matching Italian bruscamente.[6] brusque is borrowed from Italian brusco (“sharp, rough”) (1373), originally the name of the butcher's broom, a spiny plant, probably from Late Latin bruscus.[6][7]
Earliest recorded meaning
Rabelais (1534; 1546 according to the GLLF) has Le quel brusquement entrant, “who, entering abruptly”.[2][4][3][5]
Semantic evolution
Like the adjective, which until the 17th century also meant “rough, strange, lively, bold”, the adverb could mean “roughly, rudely”, a sense the Petit Robert marks as old; its modern sense is “suddenly, without warning”.[6][4]
Timeline
- 1373 – The adjective brusque is borrowed.[6]
- 1534 – Brusquement, Rabelais.[2][4]
- 17th century – The modern sense of the adjective is fixed.[6]
Meanings
Adverb
- suddenly, abruptly, without warning: le temps a brusquement changé.[4][1]
- (old) Roughly, brusquely, curtly.[4][1]
Related words
- brusque
- brusquer
- brusquerie
References
- ^ a b c d e Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
- ^ a b c Rey, Alain, ed. (2005), Le Grand Robert de la langue française, electronic version, Paris: Le Robert
- ^ a b Guilbert, Louis; Lagane, René; Niobey, Georges, eds. (1971–1978; 1989), Grand Larousse de la langue française, Paris: Larousse
- ^ a b c d e f Rey-Debove, Josette; Rey, Alain, eds. (2007), Le Petit Robert de la langue française, Paris: Le Robert
- ^ a b Littré, Émile (1873–1877), Dictionnaire de la langue française, 4 vols. and supplement, Paris: Hachette
- ^ a b c d e Rey, Alain, ed. (1992), Dictionnaire historique de la langue française, Paris: Le Robert
- ^ Bloch, Oscar; Wartburg, Walther von (1989), Dictionnaire étymologique de la langue française, 8th ed., Paris: Presses universitaires de France