brusquement French · revision 16811

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=1534, Rabelais|origins=it brusco}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /bʁys.kə.mɑ̃/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''brusquement'''^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed [[af|fr|brusque|-ment]],^(Grand Robert 2005)^(GLLF 1989)^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)^(Littré 1873) matching [[it|bruscamente]].^(DHLF 1992) [[brusque]] is [[bor|it|brusco|t=sharp, rough]] (1373), originally the name of the butcher's broom, a spiny plant, probably from Late Latin [[m|la-lat|bruscus]].^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Rabelais (1534; 1546 according to the GLLF) has ''Le quel brusquement entrant'', “who, entering abruptly”.^(Grand Robert 2005)^(Petit Robert 2007)^(GLLF 1989)^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Like the adjective, which until the 17th century also meant “rough, strange, lively, bold”, the adverb could mean “roughly, rudely”, a sense the Petit Robert marks as old; its modern sense is “suddenly, without warning”.^(DHLF 1992)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1373 – The adjective [[brusque]] is borrowed.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1534 – ''Brusquement'', Rabelais.^(Grand Robert 2005)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+ * 17th century – The modern sense of the adjective is fixed.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adverb===

+ # [[m|en|suddenly]], abruptly, without warning: ''le temps a brusquement changé''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(old)'' Roughly, [[m|en|brusquely]], curtly.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[brusque]]

+ * [[brusquer]]

+ * [[brusquerie]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}