Spanish words first recorded in the 13th century

It is a learned word, borrowed from Latin perfectus (“finished, complete”), the past participle of perficiō (“to finish, complete”). The popular outcome of the Latin word appears in Asturian…

It is inherited from Latin mancus (“maimed, crippled; incomplete”), which could be said of any injured part of the body. The word is common to all the western Romance languages: Portuguese manco…

It is inherited from Latin recognōscō (“to recall; to examine, review”), in a Vulgar Latin form *reconōscō remade, like conocer from *conōscō, on the simple verb nōscō. Corominas and DICCA-XV treat…

It is inherited from Vulgar Latin *affrontō (“to face, confront”), formed from ad (“to”) and frōns (“forehead, front”). Corominas treats it as a derivative of Old Spanish fruente “forehead” common…

1. The word for the bag is inherited from Old Spanish bolsa, inherited from Late Latin bursa (“hide; leather bag, purse”). Corominas calls it semi-learned or a late arrival: as a fully popular word…

It is inherited from Old Spanish cama, inherited from Late Latin cama (“bedding, a bed on the ground”). The Latin word is known only from Isidore of Seville, who describes the cama as a short bed…

It is borrowed from Old French corages (“courage”), the Old French nominative of corage, according to the DCECH, the DLE and Moliner. Alonso and García de Diego give Old Occitan coratge as the…

It is borrowed from Latin statio (“a standing still; a post; a residence”), a learned word. Corominas dates it to Juan Ruiz, about 1330–1343, and the Breve diccionario to 1335; the corpus has…

It is inherited from Old Spanish estrada, inherited from Late Latin strāta (“paved road”), short for via strāta (“paved way”). The participle strātus belongs to sternō (“to spread out, strew”). The…

It is borrowed from Old French malete (“small bag, valise”), according to Corominas, a diminutive of male, modern French malle “trunk”, which is from Frankish *malha (“travelling bag”). The French…

It is a learned word, borrowed from Latin mōmentum (“movement, impulse; short space of time”). Vox dates the borrowing to the 15th century. Corominas lists it among the derivatives of mover, with…

It is inherited from Latin possideō (“to hold, occupy, possess”). The Latin verb is formed from potis (“able, master of”) and sedeō (“to sit”), and was first used of holding land or property. Gómez…

It is inherited from Latin alūminem (“alum”), the accusative of the Latin word. The same word is Italian allume, French alun, Catalan alum and the Portuguese pedra hume. Corominas takes the variants…

It is borrowed from Latin creō (“to bring forth, produce”), a learned form beside criar, which continues the same Latin verb by the popular route. As a popular word the verb survives only in the…

It continues inherited from Vulgar Latin *crītāre (“to cry out”), which is probably a contraction of Latin quirītō (“to cry out for help, raise a public outcry”). The word is common to the western…

1. The interjection of grief is borrowed from Gothic 𐍅𐌰𐌹 (wai, “woe”) for the BDELC, the DLE and Nascentes, and for Coromines, who argued the point in the DCECH. The DLE calls the Gothic word an…

It is borrowed from Latin imāginor (“to picture to oneself, imagine”), formed from imāgō (“image, likeness”). From the variant maginar comes the popular noun magín “wits, imagination”, first in the…

It is borrowed from Latin nātiō (“birth; breed, race; people, nation”), a learned word. Corominas gives its first record as 1444, and Vox dates the borrowing to the 15th century, but the CDH has it…

It is borrowed from Latin patiens (“enduring, patient”), the present participle of patior (“to suffer, endure”), a learned word. The DCECH lists it among the learned words in its article on padecer…

It is inherited from Latin passa (“spread out, dried”), short for ūva passa (“raisin, literally “spread grape””). The Latin word is the feminine of passus (“spread out; dry, wrinkled”), the past…

It is inherited from Late Latin plagia (“shore, beach”), a word Isidore of Seville already used in this sense. Corominas derives the Late Latin word, probably, from Ancient Greek πλάγια (plágia…

It continues inherited from Old Spanish sargente, borrowed from Old French sergent (“servant; sergeant”). The DCECH, which first records the military form about 1577, takes it from sergeant…

Its origin is uncertain: Corominas and Pascual consider it probably a semi-learned alteration, inherited from Latin situs (“position, site”), pointing to the late first records, the old variant sito…

It continues inherited from Old Spanish soldar, inherited from Latin solidō (“to make solid, consolidate”). In classical Latin the verb meant “to consolidate, harden”; the sense “to solder” is late…

It is inherited from Old Spanish ventana, inherited from Vulgar Latin *ventāna, from Latin ventus (“wind”) and the suffix -āna. Corominas and the DLE treat it as a derivative of the word for wind…

It is inherited from Late Latin repausāre (“to rest, pause”), formed with re- on pausō (“to cease, stop; to rest”). Corominas treats it as a derivative common to all the western Romance languages…

It is borrowed from Medieval Latin interesse (“compensation; interest on a loan”), the infinitive of the Latin verb “to be between; to matter” used as a noun. The Medieval Latin noun meant damages…

It is a deverbal noun from Spanish regalar, the verb meaning “to entertain, treat”. Corominas takes the verb, probably, from French régaler (“to entertain, feast”), which, following Gamillscheg and…

Corominas explains it as from Spanish alguno (“some, someone”) remodelled after quien (“who”). In his view the Romance languages first used the same word for “some” and “someone”, and Spanish and…

It is borrowed from Latin accidēns (“chance event; non-essential quality”), the present participle of accidō (“to fall upon; to happen”) used as a noun. The verb is formed ad- and cadō (“to fall”)…

It is borrowed from Latin angulus (“angle, corner”). The same Alfonsine astronomical text also has the semi-popular form anglo, and Aragonese anglo is the Aragonese form. García de Diego notes that…

1. The word for a deed or a judicial decree is inherited from Old Spanish auto, inherited from Latin āctus (“a doing; an act”). It came into Spanish by a semi-learned route, and the DCECH calls it…

It is borrowed from Latin continuō (“to join together; to go on with”), a learned word. That verb is from Latin continuus (“adjacent, uninterrupted”), from contineō (“to hold together”), which is…

It is borrowed from Latin aedificium (“building”), a learned word. The Latin noun is formed from aedificō (“to build”) with the suffix -ium. The verb, which Spanish borrowed as edificar, is a…

It is inherited from Old Spanish pratica, borrowed from Late Latin practicē (“practical science”), which is from Ancient Greek πρακτική (praktikḗ), the feminine of πρακτικός (praktikós, “active…

It is a learned word, borrowed from Latin profundus (“deep”), and the learned doublet of the inherited hondo, which comes from the same Latin adjective or from its base. The Latin word is formed…

It is from Spanish armar (“to arm”): the feminine of the past participle armado came to be used as a noun. It corresponds to Medieval Latin armāta (“army; fleet”), the feminine of Latin armātus…

It is borrowed from Latin divortium (“separation; divorce”). The Latin noun is formed from dīvertō (“to turn aside, separate”), and so belongs with divertir and verter. That verb is dis- (“apart”)…

It is borrowed from Latin impossibilis (“impossible”), one of the learned words of the family of poder. The Latin adjective is formed from in- (“not”) and possibilis (“possible”), which in turn is…

It is borrowed from Latin circumstantia (“a standing round, surroundings”), a word that Autoridades called purely Latin. The Latin noun comes from circumstāns (“standing around”), the present…

It is borrowed from Latin species (“sight, appearance; type, kind; goods”). Corominas's first records are of the 15th century, from the Corbacho (1438), Juan de Mena and Santillana on. The CDH has…

It is inherited from Old Spanish bóvada. According to Corominas and Pascual it is borrowed from Gothic *buwiþa, a participial derivative of the common Germanic verb Proto-Germanic *būaną (“to dwell…

Corominas takes it as borrowed from French lier (“to tie, bind”), itself from ligō (“to tie, bind”), because he found it only from the early 17th century, beside the inherited Old Spanish legar and…

It is inherited from Old Spanish dozena, from Old Spanish dozeno (“twelfth”): the feminine of the ordinal, used as a noun. The ordinal comes from doze (“twelve”), the modern doce, which continues…

It is borrowed from Old Catalan relotge (modern Catalan rellotge), which is from Latin hōrologium (“sundial, water clock”), from Ancient Greek ὡρολόγιον (hōrológion). The Greek word is a compound of…

It is borrowed from Late Latin cauma (“heat”), from Ancient Greek καῦμα (kaûma, “burning heat, especially of the sun”), a derivative of καίω (kaíō, “to burn”). The word was first applied to the…

It is borrowed from Latin basis (“base, pedestal, foundation”), which is from Ancient Greek βάσις (básis, “step; that on which one stands, base”). The Greek word is a noun of βαίνω (baínō, “to walk…

It is inherited from Latin pulpa (“flesh; pulp of fruit”), a semi-learned word. The other Romance languages changed the short Latin /u/ to /o/, as in Portuguese polpa, Galician polpa, Catalan polpa…

It is probably inherited from Vulgar Latin *bonacia (“calm at sea”), an alteration of Latin malacia (“dead calm”) shared by several Romance languages. The change came from bonus (“good”), because…

It is borrowed from Latin regressus (“return”), a learned word. It is formed from Latin regredior (“to go back”) + -tus, and the verb is formed from Latin re- + gradior (“to step, walk”). De Vaan…

It is borrowed from Latin operātiō (“work, working; operation”), a learned word. The Latin noun is formed from operor (“to be at work”) with the suffix -tiō. The verb is derived from opus (“work”)…

It is borrowed from Latin pharus (“lighthouse”), from Ancient Greek φάρος (pháros), the common noun made from the name of the island of Pharos, off the harbour of Alexandria where the most famous…

It is borrowed from Latin restō (“to stay behind, stand firm; to remain”). The Latin verb is formed from re- and stō (“to stand”), the source of estar. The same verb is Catalan restar, Occitan…

It is borrowed from Latin sufficiēns (“sufficient, adequate”), the present participle of sufficiō (“to suffice”), which is formed from sub- (“under”) and faciō (“to do, make”). Besides “to suffice”…

It is borrowed from Latin explicō (“to unfold, unroll; to set out, explain”). The Latin verb is formed from ex- (“out”) and plicō (“to fold”), so that its first sense was “to unfold, to undo the…

It is borrowed from Latin reservō (“to keep back, keep for later”), a learned word. Corominas treats it among the Latin borrowings of the family of conservar, beside preservar and observar, and…

It is borrowed from Latin supportō (“to carry up, convey; to endure”). The Breve diccionario dates it to the 15th century, and Wiktionary also places the first record there; the corpus has it from…

It is borrowed from Latin terribilis (“frightening, dreadful”), a learned word of the family of terror. Corominas dates it to about 1400, in the old Judeo-Spanish Bibles, and finds it frequent from…

It is borrowed from Latin cōnstruō (“to heap up; to build”), formed from con- (“together”) and struō (“to pile up, arrange, build”). The Latin verb meant first “to pile up” and then “to build”. The…

It is a learned borrowing borrowed from Latin possibilis (“possible”). The DCECH lists it among the learned words of the family of poder, with posibilidad and imposible. The Latin adjective is…