redundante

Forms

redundante m or f (masculine and feminine plural redundantes)^[1]

Etymology

It is borrowed from Latin redundāns (“overflowing”), the present participle of redundō (“to overflow”).^[2][3][4] The Academy long called it the present participle of redundar, and DICCA-XV derives it from that verb, itself taken from the Latin one.^[5][6][7] Corominas lists it under onda, beside the verb (1438) and redundancia.^[8] The Latin verb is made of red- and undō (“to surge”), from unda (“wave”).^[1]

The same Latin word gave Catalan redundant, French redondant and Italian ridondante.^[9]

Earliest recorded meaning

The first record is in Enrique de Villena's Arte cisoria of 1423, which speaks of the benefits redundantes en decoraçión de la poliçía, “accruing to the adornment of good order”.^[10][7] The early uses follow the verb redundar in its sense “to result in, accrue to”.^[10][11]

Semantic evolution

In the 15th century Villena and Juan de Mena used the word of services and honours that redound to someone; in the 16th century it meant overflowing or left over, as in la medida colmada y redundante quoted by Autoridades and in Pedro Núñez's algebra of 1567.^[10][5] Terreros applied it to a superfluous style that can be cut without loss.^[12] The Academy defined it as “that which redounds” until the 20th century; today it is an adjective, “having redundancy”, said especially of words and expressions.^[13][14][15]

Timeline

• 1423 – first record, in Villena's Arte cisoria.^[10]
• 1445 – Juan de Mena uses it of services that benefit the kingdom.^[10]
• 1737 – Autoridades defines it as that which overflows or is superfluous.^[5]
• 1786–1793 – Terreros records its use of style.^[12]
• 1884 – the Academy's dictionary gives the etymology, from Latin redundans.^[13]

Meanings

Adjective

1. Having redundancia; redundant, superfluous: Corrigió las frases redundantes del informe.^[14][15][1]

Related words

• redundar
• redundancia
• abundante
• Latin redundāns

References

1. ^ a b c d Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ Real Academia Española (1899), Diccionario de la lengua castellana, 13th ed., Madrid: Imprenta de los Sres. Hernando y Compañía, p. 853
3. ^ García de Diego, Vicente (1985), Diccionario etimológico español e hispánico, 2nd ed., Madrid: Espasa-Calpe (1st ed. 1954), p. s.v. redundante
4. ^ Segura Munguía, Santiago (2001), Nuevo diccionario etimológico latín-español y de las voces derivadas, Bilbao: Universidad de Deusto, p. 645
5. ^ a b c Real Academia Española (1726–1739), Diccionario de la lengua castellana (Diccionario de Autoridades), 6 vols., Madrid: Francisco del Hierro, p. 5, 534
6. ^ Real Academia Española (1869), Diccionario de la lengua castellana, 11th ed., Madrid: Imprenta de Don Manuel Rivadeneyra, p. 664
7. ^ a b Lleal, Coloma (dir.), DICCA-XV: Diccionario del castellano del siglo XV en la Corona de Aragón, Barcelona: Universitat de Barcelona, Grup d'Estudis d'Història de la Llengua (GHCL), https://ghcl.ub.edu/diccaxv, p. s.v. redundante
8. ^ Corominas, Joan (1973), Breve diccionario etimológico de la lengua castellana, 3rd ed., Madrid: Gredos, p. s.v. onda
9. ^ Echegaray, Eduardo de (1887–1889), Diccionario general etimológico de la lengua española, 5 vols., Madrid: José María Faquineto, p. 95
10. ^ a b c d e Real Academia Española (2013–), Corpus del Diccionario histórico de la lengua española (CDH), version 3.1, https://apps.rae.es/CNDHE, p. s.v. redundante
11. ^ Real Academia Española; Asociación de Academias de la Lengua Española (2014–), Diccionario de la lengua española, 23rd ed., online version 23.8, https://dle.rae.es, p. s.v. redundar
12. ^ a b Terreros y Pando, Esteban de (1786–1793), Diccionario castellano con las voces de ciencias y artes y sus correspondientes de las tres lenguas francesa, latina e italiana, 4 vols., Madrid: Viuda de Ibarra, p. 3, 313
13. ^ a b Real Academia Española (1884), Diccionario de la lengua castellana, 12th ed., Madrid: Imprenta de D. Gregorio Hernando (the first Academy edition with etymologies), p. 910
14. ^ a b Real Academia Española; Asociación de Academias de la Lengua Española (2014–), Diccionario de la lengua española, 23rd ed., online version 23.8, https://dle.rae.es, p. s.v. redundante
15. ^ a b Moliner, María (2007), Diccionario de uso del español, 3rd ed., Madrid: Gredos, p. s.v. redundante