negociación

Forms

negociación f (plural negociaciones)^[1]

Etymology

It is borrowed from Latin negōtiātiō (“business, trade”), a noun formed negōtior (“to do business”) + -tiō.^[2][1][3] Within Spanish it is the noun of action of negociar, with the suffix -ción.^[1] The BDELC dates it to 1490 and lists it under negocio, from negōtium (“occupation, business”), a negative derivative of ōtium (“leisure”).^[4]

The same Latin word is Portuguese negociação, Catalan negociació, French négociation and Italian negoziazione.^[5][6][1]

Earliest recorded meaning

The CDH's oldest hit is in Pedro de Cuéllar's Catecismo of 1325, known only from a copy of 1472, where the commandment forbids toda mala negoçiaçión assí commo usura “all wicked dealing, such as usury”.^[7] The first hit without a later copy is the translation of the Historia de Jerusalem abreviada of Jacques de Vitry, after 1350, where a man becomes a merchant and wins a widow's favour through his service en negoçiaçion “in trade”.^[7] The first sense was thus commercial dealing, as in Latin.^[7][3]

Semantic evolution

In the 15th century the word also named dealings between rulers: Lope de Barrientos writes of the negoçiaçiones between the king of Castile and the king of Aragon.^[7] The Diccionario de Autoridades gives three senses: trade by buying, selling or exchanging goods or money; the political handling of affairs so that they turn out as desired; and the dispatch of business in government offices.^[8] The DLE gives the general sense, the action of negotiating, and a legal one, talks aimed at concluding an agreement, with the phrase negociación colectiva “collective bargaining” between unions and employers.^[2] In Mexico and Nicaragua it also means a business or firm.^[9]

Timeline

• 1325 – Pedro de Cuéllar's Catecismo, in a copy of 1472, condemns wicked negoçiaçión.^[7]
• after 1350 – the translation of the Historia de Jerusalem abreviada uses it for trade.^[7]
• 1454–1469 – Lope de Barrientos uses the plural for talks between the kings of Castile and Aragon.^[7]
• 1490 – the date of first record in the BDELC.^[4]
• 1492 – Nebrija renders Latin negotiatio with negociación.^[10]
• 1515 – first record from the Americas, in Tierra Firme: a secret negociación.^[11]
• 1726–1739 – the Diccionario de Autoridades defines it as trade and as the political handling of affairs.^[8]

Meanings

Noun

1. negotiation: the action and result of negotiating: La negociación duró toda la noche.^[2][1]
2. (law) Talks aimed at concluding an agreement or pact.^[2]
3. (Mexico, Nicaragua) A business, a firm.^[9]
4. (dated) trade: buying, selling or exchanging goods or money.^[8]

Word family

• negociación colectiva

Related words

• negociar
• negocio
• ocio
• Latin negōtium

References

1. ^ a b c d e f Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d Real Academia Española; Asociación de Academias de la Lengua Española (2014–), Diccionario de la lengua española, 23rd ed., online version 23.8, https://dle.rae.es, p. s.v. negociación
3. ^ a b Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. s.v. negōtiātiō
4. ^ a b Corominas, Joan (1973), Breve diccionario etimológico de la lengua castellana, 3rd ed., Madrid: Gredos, p. s.v. negocio
5. ^ Houaiss, Antônio; Villar, Mauro de Salles (2001), Dicionário Houaiss da língua portuguesa, Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, p. s.v. negociação
6. ^ Alcover, Antoni M.; Moll, Francesc de B. (1930–1962), Diccionari català-valencià-balear, 10 vols., Palma de Mallorca: Moll, p. s.v. negociació
7. ^ a b c d e f g Real Academia Española (2013–), Corpus del Diccionario histórico de la lengua española (CDH), version 3.1, https://apps.rae.es/CNDHE, p. s.v. negociación
8. ^ a b c Real Academia Española (1726–1739), Diccionario de la lengua castellana (Diccionario de Autoridades), 6 vols., Madrid: Francisco del Hierro, p. 4, s.v. negociación
9. ^ a b Asociación de Academias de la Lengua Española (2010), Diccionario de americanismos, Lima: Santillana; online at https://www.asale.org/damer, p. s.v. negociación
10. ^ Lleal, Coloma (dir.), DICCA-XV: Diccionario del castellano del siglo XV en la Corona de Aragón, Barcelona: Universitat de Barcelona, Grup d'Estudis d'Història de la Llengua (GHCL), https://ghcl.ub.edu/diccaxv, p. s.v. negociación
11. ^ Boyd-Bowman, Peter (2003), Léxico hispanoamericano 1493–1993, ed. Ray Harris-Northall and John J. Nitti, New York: Hispanic Seminary of Medieval Studies, p. s.v. negociación