Etymology and origin of the Spanish word multiplicación
- Confidence
- Established
- Formation
- Borrowing
- First attested
- c. 1255 Alfonso X, Cánones de Albateni More words from the 13th century
- Borrowed from
- Latin multiplicatio
- Ultimate origin
- Latin multiplex
Pronunciation
- /multiplikaˈθjon/, [mul̪.t̪i.pli.kaˈθjõn], /multiplikaˈsjon/[1]
Forms
multiplicación f (plural multiplicaciones)[1]
Etymology
It is borrowed from Latin multiplicātiō (“increase; multiplication”).[2][1][3] Corominas records it in Nebrija, and DICCA and the corpus show that it is much older, from the astronomical works of Alfonso X.[4][5][6] The Latin noun is formed from multiplicō (“to multiply”), or from multiplex (“manifold”), with -tio.[1][7] The adjective goes back to multus (“much”).[8][7]
The verb multiplicar, borrowed from Latin, displaced the inherited Old Spanish muchiguar, which continued Vulgar Latin *multificāre.[1][4] The same Latin noun gave Portuguese multiplicação, Catalan multiplicació, French multiplication and Italian moltiplicazione.[9][1]
Earliest recorded meaning
Alfonso X's Cánones de Albateni (about 1254–1260) speaks of the multiplicacion of half the diameter by itself, an arithmetical operation in astronomy.[10][11] The other early hits, from the Libros del saber de astronomía of 1277, are also about multiplying numbers in astronomical tables.[6]
Semantic evolution
By the 14th century the word also meant increase in general, as in a translation of Jacques de Vitry.[6] The Diccionario de Autoridades put the increase of the individuals of a species first and the arithmetical rule second, and the Academy kept that order until 1899, when it put “action and effect of multiplying” first.[12][13][14] The phrase la multiplicación de los panes y los peces recalls the Gospel miracle.[15] In medicine it also names reproduction and proliferation.[16]
Timeline
- c. 1255 – the Cánones de Albateni of Alfonso X.[10][11]
- 1277 – multiplication and multiplicacion in the astronomical works of Alfonso X's court.[6]
- 1368 – multiplicacion in a charter, the Carta de población del Espinar.[11]
- c. 1495 – Nebrija gives Latin multiplicatio.[5]
- 1561 – first record from the Americas, in Mexico City, of the increase of children.[17]
- 1726–1739 – the Diccionario de Autoridades enters the arithmetical rule.[12]
Meanings
Noun
- The act and effect of multiplying or multiplying oneself; increase: la multiplicación de los conflictos.[2][18]
- (mathematics) multiplication: the operation of multiplying one number by another.[2][1]
- (medicine, biology) reproduction; proliferation.[16]
Related words
- múltiple
- múltiplo
- mucho
- muchedumbre
References
- ^ a b c d e f g Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
- ^ a b c Real Academia Española; Asociación de Academias de la Lengua Española (2014–), Diccionario de la lengua española, 23rd ed., online version 23.8, https://dle.rae.es, p. s.v. multiplicación
- ^ Segura Munguía, Santiago (2014), Lexicón etimológico y semántico del latín y de las voces actuales que proceden de raíces latinas o griegas, Bilbao: Universidad de Deusto, p. 463
- ^ a b Corominas, Joan; Pascual, José A. (1980–1991), Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico, 6 vols., Madrid: Gredos, p. 4, 178
- ^ a b Lleal, Coloma (dir.), DICCA-XV: Diccionario del castellano del siglo XV en la Corona de Aragón, Barcelona: Universitat de Barcelona, Grup d'Estudis d'Història de la Llengua (GHCL), https://ghcl.ub.edu/diccaxv, p. s.v. multiplicación
- ^ a b c d Real Academia Española (2013–), Corpus del Diccionario histórico de la lengua española (CDH), version 3.1, https://apps.rae.es/CNDHE, p. s.v. multiplicación
- ^ a b Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
- ^ Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- ^ Echegaray, Eduardo de (1887–1889), Diccionario general etimológico de la lengua española, 5 vols., Madrid: José María Faquineto, p. 442
- ^ a b Kasten, Lloyd A.; Nitti, John J.; Gago Jover, Francisco (2002–), Diccionario de la prosa castellana del Rey Alfonso X, New York: Hispanic Seminary of Medieval Studies (electronic edition 2024), p. s.v. multiplicación
- ^ a b c Diccionario del Español Medieval electrónico (DEMel), data publication 2026 (CC BY-SA), Universität Rostock, p. s.v. multiplicación
- ^ a b Real Academia Española (1726–1739), Diccionario de la lengua castellana (Diccionario de Autoridades), 6 vols., Madrid: Francisco del Hierro, p. 4
- ^ Real Academia Española (1869), Diccionario de la lengua castellana, 11th ed., Madrid: Imprenta de Don Manuel Rivadeneyra, p. 527
- ^ Real Academia Española (1899), Diccionario de la lengua castellana, 13th ed., Madrid: Imprenta de los Sres. Hernando y Compañía, p. 681
- ^ Moliner, María (2007), Diccionario de uso del español, 3rd ed., Madrid: Gredos, p. s.v. multiplicación
- ^ a b Real Academia Nacional de Medicina (2011), Diccionario de términos médicos, Madrid: Editorial Médica Panamericana; online at https://dtme.ranm.es, p. s.v. multiplicación
- ^ Boyd-Bowman, Peter (2003), Léxico hispanoamericano 1493–1993, ed. Ray Harris-Northall and John J. Nitti, New York: Hispanic Seminary of Medieval Studies, p. s.v. multiplicación
- ^ Battaner Arias, Paz (dir.) (2017), Diccionario general de la lengua española VOX, Barcelona: Larousse Editorial, p. s.v. multiplicación
Related etymologies
Cite this entry
“Multiplicación.” Etymologically, 7 Nov. 2026, etymologically.com/es/multiplicaci%C3%B3n. Accessed 7 Nov. 2026.
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