maridar

Forms

maridar (first-person singular present marido, first-person singular preterite maridé, past participle maridado)^[1]

Etymology

It is inherited from Latin marītō (“to provide with a husband or wife, marry”), a verb formed on marītus (“husband; married”).^[2][1][3][4] Corominas lists it among the derivatives of marido, and the Spanish Wikcionario also derives it from that noun.^[5][6]

The same Latin verb gave Italian maritare, French marier, Occitan maridar, Catalan maridar, Portuguese maridar and Romanian mărita.^[7][8]

Corominas follows the old derivation of the Latin noun from mās (“male”).^[5] De Vaan explains it instead as a possessive formation, Proto-Italic *marīto- (“having a young woman”), built on Proto-Indo-European *mor-ih₂- (“young woman”), which he connects with Welsh morwyn (“girl”) and Lithuanian martì (“bride”).^[9]

Earliest recorded meaning

Corominas and the BDELC first find the participle maridado “married”, in Berceo's Duelo de la Virgen (1220–1250): nin vicio nin mancebo nin mugier maridada “neither pleasure nor youth nor married woman”.^[5][10][11] The infinitive itself is first recorded by Nebrija, about 1495, who glosses maridar o casar with Latin marito.^[5][12]

Semantic evolution

The participle is frequent in Old Spanish, in the Calila, Juan Ruiz and the ballads.^[5] By the time of the Diccionario de Autoridades the verb in its proper sense “to marry” was used only humorously; it also recorded a metaphorical sense “to join, link”.^[13][5] The Academy's 1869 edition added “to live together as man and wife”, with the old proverb maridar de praza e parir escondida, gentil sabandija.^[14] Its 1884 edition was the first to give the Latin etymon.^[15]

In 19th-century Chile, Rodríguez quoted Baralt's complaint that the French “marry” things that Spanish rather pairs, such as arms and letters.^[16] In Peru a medical text of 1793 already speaks of a tincture maridada with other liquids.^[17] Today the verb is used above all for pairing food and drink, beside the noun maridaje, which Corominas calls an adaptation of French mariage.^[1][5][18]

Timeline

• 1220–1250 – the participle maridada in Berceo's Duelo de la Virgen.^[10][5]
• 1376–1396 – the verb in works copied for Juan Fernández de Heredia.^[19]
• c. 1495 – Nebrija records maridar o casar, Latin marito.^[12][5]
• 1726–1739 – Autoridades notes that the verb is used only in a jocular style, and gives the figurative “to join, link”.^[13]
• 1793 – first record in the Americas, in Peru, for mixing medicines.^[17]
• 1869 – the Academy adds the sense “to live as man and wife”.^[14]
• 1884 – the Academy's dictionary gives the etymology from Latin.^[15]

Meanings

Verb

1. (intransitive) To marry, get married.^[2][18]
2. (intransitive) To live together as a couple, with or without marriage; to cohabit.^[2][20]
3. (transitive) To join or combine two things so that they match well: El arquitecto supo maridar la piedra antigua con el cristal.^[2][18]
4. (cooking) To pair food with a wine or other drink.^[1][18]

Word family

• maridaje
• enmaridar

Related words

• marido
• marital
• Latin marītus
• French marier
• Italian maritare

References

1. ^ a b c d e Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d Real Academia Española; Asociación de Academias de la Lengua Española (2014–), Diccionario de la lengua española, 23rd ed., online version 23.8, https://dle.rae.es, p. s.v. maridar
3. ^ García de Diego, Vicente (1985), Diccionario etimológico español e hispánico, 2nd ed., Madrid: Espasa-Calpe (1st ed. 1954), p. art. 4166
4. ^ Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. s.v. marītō
5. ^ a b c d e f g h i Corominas, Joan; Pascual, José A. (1980–1991), Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico, 6 vols., Madrid: Gredos, p. 3, 853
6. ^ Wikcionario (Spanish Wiktionary), es.wiktionary.org
7. ^ Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1935), Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., Heidelberg: Winter, p. s.v. maritāre
8. ^ Segura Munguía, Santiago (2014), Lexicón etimológico y semántico del latín y de las voces actuales que proceden de raíces latinas o griegas, Bilbao: Universidad de Deusto, p. 408
9. ^ de Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 7, Leiden; Boston: Brill
10. ^ a b Corominas, Joan (1973), Breve diccionario etimológico de la lengua castellana, 3rd ed., Madrid: Gredos, p. s.v. marido
11. ^ Cejador y Frauca, Julio (1929), Vocabulario medieval castellano, Madrid: Librería y Casa Editorial Hernando, p. 291
12. ^ a b Nebrija, Antonio de (1513), Vocabulario español-latino, Salamanca, ed. Marina Vidal Díez (2007), Biblioteca Virtual Miguel de Cervantes, p. 377
13. ^ a b Real Academia Española (1726–1739), Diccionario de la lengua castellana (Diccionario de Autoridades), 6 vols., Madrid: Francisco del Hierro, p. 4, 500
14. ^ a b Real Academia Española (1869), Diccionario de la lengua castellana, 11th ed., Madrid: Imprenta de Don Manuel Rivadeneyra, p. 492
15. ^ a b Real Academia Española (1884), Diccionario de la lengua castellana, 12th ed., Madrid: Imprenta de D. Gregorio Hernando (the first Academy edition with etymologies), p. 680
16. ^ Rodríguez, Zorobabel (1875), Diccionario de chilenismos, Santiago de Chile: Imprenta de El Independiente, p. 30
17. ^ a b Boyd-Bowman, Peter (2003), Léxico hispanoamericano 1493–1993, ed. Ray Harris-Northall and John J. Nitti, New York: Hispanic Seminary of Medieval Studies, p. s.v. maridar
18. ^ a b c d Battaner Arias, Paz (dir.) (2017), Diccionario general de la lengua española VOX, Barcelona: Larousse Editorial, p. s.v. maridar
19. ^ Hispanic Seminary of Medieval Studies (2026), Old Spanish Textual Archive (OSTA): semi-paleographic transcriptions of Old Spanish texts, ed. Francisco Gago Jover et al., https://www.hispanicseminary.org
20. ^ Moliner, María (2007), Diccionario de uso del español, 3rd ed., Madrid: Gredos, p. s.v. maridar